Documentation, Papers, and Publications

Here you will find documentation for our project, including our NSF grant proposals, the protocols used for our interviews, and some supplemental information about the legislative process. We also make available all conference papers we have presented, information about our book, and a public-release version of the datasets that underlie our analysis. These data have been cleaned to protect the anonymity of our respondents.

Find out more about our book, Lobbying and Policy Change

Get a copy of public-release data. Note these allow you to recreate all the analyses in our book, but the data have been revised to protect the confidentiality of our respondents. That means that a few observations have been deleted from the datasets in the case of very small sides where one could identify the individual actors, and that certain variables which were collected solely from confiential interviews have been deleted. However, these datasets contain the vast bulk of our data including all that was publicly available.

• Advocate-level Codebook; dataset; Amelia dataset 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Side-level Codebook; dataset
• Issue-level Codebook; dataset
• Stata-do files for Chapter 5, Chapter 11, collapsing data to the sides

Grant proposals and research materials that give the background to the project:

• The original NSF grant proposal, "Collaborative Research on Lobbying," from January 15, 1999 provides information on the theoretical background, the research questions, and the sampling and technical procedures used.
• The second NSF grant proposal, "Lobbying and Issue-Definition," from January 15, 2001 which provides information on our accomplishments, plans for additional data collection as part of our continued work on this project for the next three years, and more theoretical justification for the study.
• Our interview protocols, listing the exact questions we asked in our interviews.
• A detailed description of the internet search procedures that our coders use when they conduct our searches for publicly available information concerning our cases.

Papers and publications drawn from our project or using its data:

• Hojnacki, Marie, Kathleen M. Marchetti, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech. 2015. Assessing Business Advantage in Washington Lobbying. Interest Groups and Advocacy, forthcoming.
  • See a discussion of our article on TheHill.com here.
  • See a blog post on the Washington Post Monkey Cage entitled Business doesn’t always get its way by Marie Hojnacki, Jeffrey Berry, Beth Leech and Kathleen Marchetti June 10, 2015
• Mahoney, Christine and Frank R. Baumgartner. 2015. Partners in Advocacy: Lobbyists and Government Officials in the Policy Process. Journal of Politics 77, 1: 202–15. Click here for the on-line appendix, showing alternative statistical models demonstrating the robustness of our findings. Click here for the Stata do-file used to conduct all the analysis in the file. Click here for the avocate-level Stata database. Click here for the side-level database, also in Stata format. Note that because of confidentiality agreements with those we interviewed, material resource information and any identifying information is deleted from the advocate-level database. The database includes the aggregate resource index, and all the side- and issue-level variables, however. The side-level database is complete.
• Baumgartner, Frank R., Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech. 2014. Money, Priorities, and Stalemate: How Lobbying Affects Public Policy. Election Law Journal 13, 1: 194–209.
• Kimball, David C., Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, Beth L. Leech, and Bryce Summary. 2012. Who Cares About the Lobbying Agenda?  Interest Groups and Advocacy 1, 1: 1–21.
• Hojnacki, Marie, David C. Kimball, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, and Beth L. Leech. 2012. Studying Organizational Advocacy and Influence: Reexamining Interest Group Research. Annual Review of Political Science 15: 9.1-9.21.
• Advocates and Interest Representation in Policy Debates. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, Sept 1-4 2010. (Marie Hojnacki, Kathleen Marchetti, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech) Click here for the paper and here for the appendix.
• Advocacy Behavior and Conflict Expansion in Policy Debates. Prepared for delivery at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, August 28-August 31, 2008. (Marie Hojnacki, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech.)
• Washington: The Real No-Spin Zone. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Chicago IL, August 30-September 2, 2007. (Jeff Berry, Frank Baumgartner, Marie Hojnacki, Beth Leech, and David Kimball)
• Does Money Buy Power? Interest Group Resources and Policy Outcomes. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 12-15, 2076. (Beth Leech, Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey Berry, Marie Hojnacki, and David Kimball).
• Goals, Salience, and the Nature of Advocacy. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 30-September 2, 2006. (Marie Hojnacki, Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey Berry, David Kimball, and Beth Leech).
• The Structure of Policy Conflict. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 20-23, 2006. (Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David Kimball, and Beth Leech).
• The Structure of Opposition in Public Policy Debate. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 15-18, 2004. (Marie Hojnacki).
• Drawing Lobbyists to Washington: Government Activity and Interest-Group Mobilization. Political Research Quarterly 58, 1 (March 2005): 19-30. (Beth L. Leech, Frank R. Baumgartner, Timothy La Pira, and Nicholas A. Semanko.)
• The Demand Side of Lobbying: Government Attention and Mobilization of Organized Interests. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 25-28, 2002. (Beth Leech, Frank Baumgartner, Timothy La Pira, and Nicholas Semanko)
• Gaining Government Allies: Groups, Officials, and Alliance Behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 25-28, 2002. (Frank Baumgartner and Christine Mahoney)
• Issue Advocacy and Interest-Group Influence. Paper presented at the First General Conference, European Consortium for Political Research, University of Kent at Canterbury, England, September 6-8, 2001. (Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David Kimball, and Beth Leech)
• Advocacy and Policy Argumentation. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, August 30-September 3, 2000. (Frank Baumgartner, Jeffrey Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David Kimball, and Beth Leech)
• The Changing Process of Direct Lobbying. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 27-30, 2000. (Marie Hojnacki).

Some of the material discussed in the case files refers to some obscure or technical legislative vocabulary. Two useful sources of help are some vocabulary of the legislative process and an overview of the legislative process, both of which come from the Library of Congress' Thomas website.

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