#Author: Will Winecoff #Date: Summer/Fall, 2013 #Project: Data visualizations for Baumgartner & Jones: *The Politics of Information* #Prepared for: University of Chicago Press. #Following U of Chicago's specs, all graphs will be in black and white and outputted as an EPS file, which is a vector-based graphic. I am also making PDF and PNG copies of each graphic. The data comes from miscellaneous sources, and is being compiled into a master file as I go. #The ouptut files are labeled by the figure number per U of Chicago Press's guidelines, e.g.: "~/Baumgartner_Jones_ch1_001.eps" #The basic output code specifies the file type, file name, size, resolution. #clears out R's memory: rm(list=ls(all=TRUE)) #If packages are not installed previously then use: #install.packages("package.name") #allows you to read in data from other programs, e.g. csv. library(foreign) #Set the working directory allowing you to read in the files: setwd("/Users/kindredwinecoff/Dropbox/PoliticsOfInformation_Will/zWillFiles/") #Read in data for each figure: fig.4.1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_4_1.csv") fig.4.2<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_4_2.csv") fig.4.3<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_4_3.csv") fig.5.1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_5_1.csv") fig.5.2<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_5_2.csv") fig.5.3<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_5_3.csv") fig.5.4<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_5_4.csv") fig.5.5<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_5_5.csv") fig.6.1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_1.csv") fig.6.2<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_2.csv") fig.6.3<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_3.csv") fig.6.4<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_4.csv") fig.6.5<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_5.csv") fig.6.6<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_6.csv") fig.6.7<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_7.csv") fig.7.1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_1.csv") fig.7.2<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_2.csv") fig.7.3<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_3.csv") fig.7.4a<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_4a.csv") fig.7.4b<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_4b.csv") fig.7.5<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_5.csv") fig.7.6<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_6.csv") fig.7.7<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_7.csv") fig.7.8<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_8.csv") fig.7.9<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_9.csv") fig.7.10<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_7_10.csv") fig.8.1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_1.csv") fig.8.2<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_2.csv") fig.8.3<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_3.csv") fig.8.4<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_4.csv") fig.8.5<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_5.csv") fig.8.6<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_6.csv") fig.8.7<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_7.csv") fig.8.8<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_8.csv") fig.8.9<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_8_9.csv") fig.6.A1<-read.csv("New_Data/Fig_6_A1.csv") #Change the working directory to store output: setwd("/Users/kindredwinecoff/Dropbox/PoliticsOfInformation_Will/zWillFiles/New_PDF/") #Save the objects to a R master file: save(file="Baumgartner_Jones.RData") save.image("Baumgartner_Jones.RData") install.packages("extrafont") library(extrafont) font_import() ############### ##Figure 4.1:## ############### #EPS: setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_001.eps",width=12,height=6) par=(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.4.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n") lines(fig.4.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:65,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:65, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Auditing and Financial Management"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_001.pdf",width=12,height=6) par=(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.4.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n") lines(fig.4.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:65,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:65, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Auditing and Financial Management"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_001.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_001_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_001.png",width=1200,height=600) par=(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.4.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n") lines(fig.4.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:65,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:65, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Auditing and Financial Management"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ###################### ######Figure 4.2###### ###################### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_002.eps") plot(fig.4.2[,2],type="p",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.4.2[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,3:23, at=c(-2,3,8,13,18,23), labels=c(85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:23,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26), labels=c(1963,1973,1983,1993,2003,2013),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_002.pdf") plot(fig.4.2[,2],type="p",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.4.2[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,3:23, at=c(-2,3,8,13,18,23), labels=c(85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:23,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26), labels=c(1963,1973,1983,1993,2003,2013),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_002.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_002_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_002.png") plot(fig.4.2[,2],type="p",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of GAO Reports",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.4.2[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,3:23, at=c(-2,3,8,13,18,23), labels=c(85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:23,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26), labels=c(1963,1973,1983,1993,2003,2013),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() ################## ####Figure 4.3#### ################## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_003.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.4.3[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,80)) axis(1,1:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_003.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.4.3[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,80)) axis(1,1:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_003.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_003_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch4_003.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.4.3[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,80)) axis(1,1:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) dev.off() ################### #####Figure 5.1#### ################### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001b.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("42 Hearings, Entropy = 0.45") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001c.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Appropriations",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("94 Hearings, Entropy = 0.85") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001d.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Commerce",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("63 Hearings, Entropy = 0.73") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001a.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Natural Resources",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("46 Hearings, Entropy = 0.29") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001b.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("42 Hearings, Entropy = 0.45") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001b.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001b_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001c.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Appropriations",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("94 Hearings, Entropy = 0.85") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001c.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001c_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001d.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Commerce",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("63 Hearings, Entropy = 0.73") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001d.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001d_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001a.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Natural Resources",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("46 Hearings, Entropy = 0.29") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001a.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001a_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001b.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("42 Hearings, Entropy = 0.45") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001c.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Appropriations",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("94 Hearings, Entropy = 0.85") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001d.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Commerce",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("63 Hearings, Entropy = 0.73") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_001a.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3)) barplot(rev(fig.5.1[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.1[,1]),cex.names=0.7,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Natural Resources",xlim=c(0,35)) mtext("46 Hearings, Entropy = 0.29") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 5.2:## ############### #Commerce first, then add Armed Services: setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_002.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.5.2[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:30,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:30, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Armed Services","Commerce"),lty=c(2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_002.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.5.2[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:30,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:30, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Armed Services","Commerce"),lty=c(2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_002.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_002_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_002.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.5.2[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:30,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:30, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Armed Services","Commerce"),lty=c(2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############## ##Figure 5.3## ############## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003a.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("40 Hearings, Entropy = 0.36") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003b.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Education",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("25 Hearings, Entropy = 0.11") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003c.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Government Operations",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("81 Hearings, Entropy = 0.72") dev.off() setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003d.eps") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Energy",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("136 Hearings, Entropy = 0.66") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003a.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("40 Hearings, Entropy = 0.36") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003a.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003a_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003b.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Education",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("25 Hearings, Entropy = 0.11") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003b.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003b_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003c.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Government Operations",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("136 Hearings, Entropy = 0.72") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003c.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003c_embed.pdf") pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003d.pdf") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Energy",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("81 Hearings, Entropy = 0.66") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003d.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003d_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003a.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,2]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Agriculture",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("40 Hearings, Entropy = 0.36") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003b.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,3]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Education",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("25 Hearings, Entropy = 0.11") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003c.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,4]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Government Operations",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("136 Hearings, Entropy = 0.72") dev.off() png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_003d.png") par(mar=c(5.1, 11 ,4.1 ,3.5)) barplot(rev(fig.5.3[,5]),horiz=T,names.arg=rev(fig.5.3[,1]),cex.names=1.1,las=1,col="black",xlab="",main="Energy",xlim=c(0,60)) mtext("81 Hearings, Entropy = 0.66") dev.off() ############## ##Figure 5.4## ############## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_004.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.5.4[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.4[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Government Operations","Transportation"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_004.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.5.4[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.4[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Government Operations","Transportation"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_004.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_004_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_004.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.5.4[,2],type="l",ylim=c(0,1),lty=1,ylab="Entropy",xlab="",xaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.4[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,1:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) legend("topleft",c("Government Operations","Transportation"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############## ##Figure 5.5## ############## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_005.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5),bty="n") plot(fig.5.5[,3],type="l",ylim=c(0.3,0.6),ylab="",xlab="",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lty=2,lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.5[,2],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,4],type="l",lty=5,lwd=2) axis(4,las=2) par(new=T) plot(fig.5.5[,6],ylab="Factor Index",xaxt="n",xlab="",type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Entropy") axis(1,1:61,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=0,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:61, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) par(oma=c(3,0,0,0),xpd=NA) legend(x=0,y=1.25,c("Index","House Committees","House Topics"),lty=1:3,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n",text.width=c(1,3,6.5)) legend(x=0,y=1.0,c("Senate Committees","Senate Topics"),lty=4:5,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_005.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5),bty="n") plot(fig.5.5[,3],type="l",ylim=c(0.3,0.6),ylab="",xlab="",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lty=2,lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.5[,2],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,4],type="l",lty=5,lwd=2) axis(4,las=2) par(new=T) plot(fig.5.5[,6],ylab="Factor Index",xaxt="n",xlab="",type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Entropy") axis(1,1:61,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=0,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:61, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) par(oma=c(3,0,0,0),xpd=NA) legend(x=0,y=1.25,c("Index","House Committees","House Topics"),lty=1:3,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n",text.width=c(1,3,6.5)) legend(x=0,y=1.0,c("Senate Committees","Senate Topics"),lty=4:5,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_005.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_005_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch5_005.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5),bty="n") plot(fig.5.5[,3],type="l",ylim=c(0.3,0.6),ylab="",xlab="",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",main="",bty="n",lty=2,lwd=2,las=2) lines(fig.5.5[,2],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.5.5[,4],type="l",lty=5,lwd=2) axis(4,las=2) par(new=T) plot(fig.5.5[,6],ylab="Factor Index",xaxt="n",xlab="",type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Entropy") axis(1,1:61,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=0,at=-2.0) axis(1,1:61, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) #axis(2,0:1,at=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1),las=2,labels=c(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1)) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=0) par(oma=c(3,0,0,0),xpd=NA) legend(x=0,y=1.25,c("Index","House Committees","House Topics"),lty=1:3,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n",text.width=c(1,3,6.5)) legend(x=0,y=1.0,c("Senate Committees","Senate Topics"),lty=4:5,lwd=2,horiz=TRUE,bty="n") dev.off() ############## ##Figure 6.1## ############## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_001.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(120,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(1000,4000)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_001.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(120,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(1000,4000)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_001.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_001_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_001.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.1[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(120,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.1[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(1000,4000)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ##Figure 6.2#### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_002.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.2[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,200)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,2500)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Legislative Hearings: Subtopics","Legislative Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_002.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.2[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,200)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,2500)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Legislative Hearings: Subtopics","Legislative Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_002.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_002_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_002.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.2[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,200)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.2[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,2500)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Hearings") axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,6,11,16,21,26,31), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Legislative Hearings: Subtopics","Legislative Hearings: Total"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################## ###Figure 6.3##### ################## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_003.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.3[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Length of Laws (thousands of pages)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,150)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.3[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,xlab="",axes=F,ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,20)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws (thousands)") axis(1,1:60,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:60,at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1.0) legend("topleft",c("Cumulative Law Length","Cumulative Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_003.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.3[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Length of Laws (thousands of pages)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,150)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.3[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,xlab="",axes=F,ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,20)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws (thousands)") axis(1,1:60,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:60,at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1.0) legend("topleft",c("Cumulative Law Length","Cumulative Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_003.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_003_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_003.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.3[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Length of Laws (thousands of pages)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,150)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.3[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,xlab="",axes=F,ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,20)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws (thousands)") axis(1,1:60,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:60,at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1.0) legend("topleft",c("Cumulative Law Length","Cumulative Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 6.4### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_004.eps",width=9,height=9) plot(fig.6.4[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,220)) lines(fig.6.4[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Law","Congressional Quarterly","Law","Supreme Court"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_004.pdf",width=9,height=9) plot(fig.6.4[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,220)) lines(fig.6.4[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Law","Congressional Quarterly","Law","Supreme Court"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_004.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_004_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_004.png",width=600,height=600) plot(fig.6.4[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,220)) lines(fig.6.4[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.4[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Law","Congressional Quarterly","Law","Supreme Court"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 6.5### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_005.eps",width=9,height=9) plot(fig.6.5[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,250)) lines(fig.6.5[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: All","Hearings: Non-Law","Roll Calls: House","Roll Calls: Senate"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_005.pdf",width=9,height=9) plot(fig.6.5[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,250)) lines(fig.6.5[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: All","Hearings: Non-Law","Roll Calls: House","Roll Calls: Senate"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_005.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_005_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_005.png",width=600,height=600) plot(fig.6.5[,2],type="p",pch=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,250)) lines(fig.6.5[,3],type="p",pch=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,4],type="p",pch=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,5],type="p",pch=4,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,7],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,8],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,9],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.6.5[,10],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: All","Hearings: Non-Law","Roll Calls: House","Roll Calls: Senate"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################## ####Figure.6.6#### ################## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_006.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,1)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Polarization") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Polarization"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_006.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,1)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Polarization") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Polarization"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_006.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_006_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_006.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(0,1)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Polarization") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Polarization"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 6.7### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_007.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.7[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.7[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(10,25)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Associations (in thousands)") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Associations"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_007.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.7[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.7[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(10,25)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Associations (in thousands)") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Associations"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_007.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_007_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_007.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.6.7[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Hearings: Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(100,220)) par(new=T) plot(fig.6.7[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n",las=2,ylim=c(10,25)) axis(side=4,las=2) mtext(side=4,line=3,"Associations (in thousands)") axis(1,3:33,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("Hearings: Subtopics","Associations"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.1## ############### #Agriculture and Transportation: setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001a.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,80000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001a.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,80000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001a.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001a_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001a.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,80000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #Now Health and Justice: setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001b.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,4]/10,type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,60000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,5],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health (/10)","Budget: Justice"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001b.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,4]/10,type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,60000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,5],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health (/10)","Budget: Justice"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001b.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001b_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_001b.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.1[,1],fig.7.1[,4]/10,type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,60000),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Billions of Constant USD",bty="n") points(fig.7.1[,1]+0.2,fig.7.1[,5],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,20000,40000,60000,80000),labels=c(0,20,40,60,80)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health (/10)","Budget: Justice"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 7.2### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002a.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,8),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") points(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,2,4,6,8),labels=c(0,2,4,6,8)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002a.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,8),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") points(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,2,4,6,8),labels=c(0,2,4,6,8)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002a.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002a_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002a.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,2],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,8),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") points(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,3],type="h",col="gray",lwd=2) axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,2,4,6,8),labels=c(0,2,4,6,8)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Agriculture","Budget: Transportation"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #Now Health and Justice: setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002b.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,4],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,12),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") lines(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,5]*5,type="h",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",ylim=c(0,2),col="gray",lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n") axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,3,6,9,12),labels=c(0,3,6,9,12)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health","Budget: Justice (*5)"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002b.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,4],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,12),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") lines(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,5]*5,type="h",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",ylim=c(0,2),col="gray",lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n") axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,3,6,9,12),labels=c(0,3,6,9,12)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health","Budget: Justice (*5)"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002b.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002b_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_002b.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.2[,1],fig.7.2[,4],type="h",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,ylim=c(0,12),yaxt="n",las=2,ylab="Percent Total",bty="n") lines(fig.7.2[,1]+0.2,fig.7.2[,5]*5,type="h",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",ylim=c(0,2),col="gray",lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="",bty="n") axis(side=2,las=2,at=c(0,3,6,9,12),labels=c(0,3,6,9,12)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) legend("topleft",c("Budget: Health","Budget: Justice (*5)"),text.col=c("black","gray"),bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.3### ############### #library(plotrix) #fig.7.3$Fiscal.Year<-NULL #fig.7.3.lab<-c("1940","","","","","","","","","","1950","","","","","","","","","","1960","","","","","","","","","","1970","","","","","","","","","","1980","","","","","","","","","","1990","","","","","","","","","","2000","","","","","","","","","","2010","") #par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) #stackpoly(fig.7.3/1000,staxx=T,stack=FALSE,ylab="Executive Branch Employment (millions)",axis4=F,las=2,xaxlab=fig.7.3.lab,col=gray(c(0.1,0.5)),border=NA,ylim=c(0,6)) #legend("topright",c("Non-Defense","Defense"),text.col=gray(c(0.1,0.5)),bty="n") setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_003.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.3[,1],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (millions)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.7.3[,2],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Executive","Defense"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_003.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.3[,1],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (millions)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.7.3[,2],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Executive","Defense"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_003.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_003_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_003.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.7.3[,1],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (millions)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,4000)) lines(fig.7.3[,2],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Executive","Defense"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2),bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.4### ############### #library(plotrix) #fig.7.4a$Year<-NULL #fig.7.4b$Year<-NULL #fig.7.4.lab<-c("1940","","","","","","","","","","1950","","","","","","","","","","1960","","","","","","","","","","1970","","","","","","","","","","1980","","","","","","","","","","1990","","","","","","","","","","2000","","","","","","","","","","2010","") #par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) #stackpoly(fig.7.4a,staxx=T,stack=TRUE,ylab="Executive Branch Civilian Employment (thousands)",axis4=F,las=2,xaxlab=fig.7.4.lab,col=gray(c(0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,700)) #legend("topleft",c("Agriculture","Interior","Treasury","Veterans"),text.col=gray(c(0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7)),bty="n") #First 'a': setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004a.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.4a[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,350)) lines(fig.7.4a[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Agriculture","Interior","Treasury","Veterans"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2,3,4),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004a.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.4a[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,350)) lines(fig.7.4a[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Agriculture","Interior","Treasury","Veterans"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2,3,4),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004a.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004a_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004a.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.7.4a[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,350)) lines(fig.7.4a[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4a[,5],type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Agriculture","Interior","Treasury","Veterans"),lwd=2,lty=c(1,2,3,4),bty="n") dev.off() #Now 'b': #par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) #stackpoly(fig.7.4b,staxx=T,stack=TRUE,ylab="Executive Branch Civilian Employment (thousands)",axis4=F,las=2,xaxlab=fig.7.4.lab,col=gray(c(0.1,0.5,0.7)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,500)) setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004b.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.4b[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,200)) lines(fig.7.4b[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4b[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("HHS + Education + Social Security","Homeland Security","Justice"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004b.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.7.4b[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,200)) lines(fig.7.4b[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4b[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("HHS + Education + Social Security","Homeland Security","Justice"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004b.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004b_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_004b.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.7.4b[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Executive Branch Employment (thousands)",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,200)) lines(fig.7.4b[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.4b[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(7,17,27,37,47,57,67),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:72,at=c(1,10,20,30,40,50,60,70),labels=c(1940,1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("HHS + Education + Social Security","Homeland Security","Justice"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.5### ############### #library(plotrix) #fig.7.5$year<-NULL #fig.7.5[is.na(fig.7.5)] <- 0 #fig.7.5.lab<-c("","","","","1950","","","","","","","","","","1960","","","","","","","","","","1970","","","","","","","","","","1980","","","","","","","","","","1990","","","","","","","","","","2000","","","","","","") #par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) #stackpoly(fig.7.5,staxx=T,stack=TRUE,ylab="Congressional Hearings by Subtopic",axis4=F,las=2,xaxlab=fig.7.5.lab,col=gray(c(0.1,0.5,0.7,0.8)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200)) #Create a matrix for barplot: multi<-rbind(fig.7.5$Anti.Gov,fig.7.5$Espionage,fig.7.5$Civil.Defense,fig.7.5$Terrorism) #Treat missing as zero: multi[is.na(multi)]<-0 setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_005.eps",width=12,height=6) b<-barplot(multi,col=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.7,0.9)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200),ylab="Congressional Hearings by Subtopic") #to see where the x-axis plots are: head(b) #[1] 0.7 1.9 3.1 4.3 5.5 6.7 #They are every 1.2 spots instead of every 1.0. #1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9 axis(1,1:61,at=c(1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110),line=1) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:61,at=c(5.5,17.5,29.5,41.5,53.5,65.5,77.5),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topright",c("Anti-Government","Espionage","Civil Defense","Terrorism"),text.col=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.6,0.8)),bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_005.pdf",width=12,height=6) b<-barplot(multi,col=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.7,0.9)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200),ylab="Congressional Hearings by Subtopic") #to see where the x-axis plots are: head(b) #[1] 0.7 1.9 3.1 4.3 5.5 6.7 #They are every 1.2 spots instead of every 1.0. #1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9 axis(1,1:61,at=c(1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110),line=1) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:61,at=c(5.5,17.5,29.5,41.5,53.5,65.5,77.5),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3.5,at=-1) legend("topright",c("Anti-Government","Espionage","Civil Defense","Terrorism"),fill=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.6,0.8)),bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_005.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_005_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_005.png",width=1200,height=600) b<-barplot(multi,col=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.7,0.9)),las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200),ylab="Congressional Hearings by Subtopic") #to see where the x-axis plots are: head(b) #[1] 0.7 1.9 3.1 4.3 5.5 6.7 #They are every 1.2 spots instead of every 1.0. #1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9 axis(1,1:61,at=c(1.9,13.9,25.9,37.9,49.9,61.9,73.9),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110),line=1) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:61,at=c(5.5,17.5,29.5,41.5,53.5,65.5,77.5),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topright",c("Anti-Government","Espionage","Civil Defense","Terrorism"),text.col=gray(c(0.1,0.4,0.6,0.8)),bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.6### ############### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_006.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Number of Hearings",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,50)) par(new=T) plot(fig.7.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",yaxt="n",ylab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,6)) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws") axis(1,1:65,at=c(2,12,22,32,42,52,62),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:65,at=c(5,15,25,35,45,55,65),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings","Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_006.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Number of Hearings",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,50)) par(new=T) plot(fig.7.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",yaxt="n",ylab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,6)) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws") axis(1,1:65,at=c(2,12,22,32,42,52,62),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:65,at=c(5,15,25,35,45,55,65),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings","Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_006.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_006_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_006.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.6[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,bty="n",ylab="Number of Hearings",xaxt="n",xlab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,50)) par(new=T) plot(fig.7.6[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2,bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",yaxt="n",ylab="",las=2,ylim=c(0,6)) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Number of Laws") axis(1,1:65,at=c(2,12,22,32,42,52,62),labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2) axis(1,1:65,at=c(5,15,25,35,45,55,65),labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010),line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Hearings","Laws"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.7### ############### #Not sure where to find hearings on creation of new agencies. setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_007.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.7[,1],fig.7.7[,2],type="h",bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,las=2,ylab="Number of Hearings",ylim=c(0,100)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_007.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.7[,1],fig.7.7[,2],type="h",bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,las=2,ylab="Number of Hearings",ylim=c(0,100)) axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_007.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_007_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_007.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.7[,1],fig.7.7[,2],type="h",bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="",lwd=2,las=2,ylab="Number of Hearings",ylim=c(0,100)) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="Agencies") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Agencies Created or Eliminated") axis(1,1947:2007,at=c(1947,1957,1967,1977,1987,1997,2007), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=1943) axis(1,1947:2007, at=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=1945) dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.8### ############### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_008.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.8[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Agencies",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200)) par(new=T) #add new series for hearings: plot(fig.7.8[,2],type="l",ylab="",xlab="",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,ylim=c(0,30)) lines(fig.7.8[,3],type="l",lty=3,lwd=3) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="Agencies") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Agencies Created or Eliminated") axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Agencies (left axis)","Eliminations (right axis)","Creations (right axis)"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_008.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.8[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Agencies",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200)) par(new=T) #add new series for hearings: plot(fig.7.8[,2],type="l",ylab="",xlab="",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,ylim=c(0,30)) lines(fig.7.8[,3],type="l",lty=3,lwd=3) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="Agencies") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Agencies Created or Eliminated") axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Agencies (left axis)","Eliminations (right axis)","Creations (right axis)"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_008.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_008_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_008.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.8[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number of Agencies",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,200)) par(new=T) #add new series for hearings: plot(fig.7.8[,2],type="l",ylab="",xlab="",lty=2,lwd=2,axes=F,ylim=c(0,30)) lines(fig.7.8[,3],type="l",lty=3,lwd=3) axis(side=4,las=2,ylab="Agencies") mtext(side=4,line=3,"Agencies Created or Eliminated") axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total Agencies (left axis)","Eliminations (right axis)","Creations (right axis)"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.9### ############### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_009.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.9[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Government Employment (in millions)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,20)) lines(fig.7.9[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,4]/1000,type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,5]/1000,type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Federal","State","Local"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_009.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.9[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Government Employment (in millions)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,20)) lines(fig.7.9[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,4]/1000,type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,5]/1000,type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Federal","State","Local"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_009.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_009_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_009.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.9[,2]/1000,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Government Employment (in millions)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,20)) lines(fig.7.9[,3]/1000,type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,4]/1000,type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) lines(fig.7.9[,5]/1000,type="l",lty=4,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Total","Federal","State","Local"),lty=c(1,2,3,4),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ############### ##Figure 7.10### ############### setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_010.eps",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.10[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,5)) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63,73), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_010.pdf",width=12,height=6) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.10[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,5)) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63,73), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_010.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_010_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch7_010.png",width=1200,height=600) par(mar=c(5,5,2,5)) plot(fig.7.10[,2],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,5)) axis(1,3:63,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63,73), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.1### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_001.eps",width=12,height=12) #fig.7.5[is.na(fig.7.5)] <- 0 #fig.8.1[is.na(fig.8.1)]<-0 #stripchart(fig.8.1[,3]~fig.8.1[,2],vertical=TRUE,method="jitter",lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(80,160)) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.1[,2]),fig.8.1[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(80,160),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.1[,2]),fig.8.1[,3],fig.8.1[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,0.5:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() #PDF: library(TeachingDemos) tmp.y <- state.x77[,1] for(i in levels(state.region) ) { tmp <- state.region == i tmp.y[ tmp ] <- spread.labs( tmp.y[ tmp ], 1.2*strheight('A'), maxiter=1000, min=0 ) } library(wordcloud) library(tm) #Must remove NAs: fig.8.1a<-fig.8.1[-1,] fig.8.1a<-fig.8.1a[-31,] pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_001.pdf",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) textplot(fig.8.1a[,2],fig.8.1a[,3],fig.8.1a[,1],xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",lwd=2,ylim=c(80,160),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex=1.5,cex.axis=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,show.lines=F) axis(1,0.5:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_001.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_001_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_001.png",width=1200,height=1200) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.1[,2]),fig.8.1[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Total Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (% GDP)",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(80,160),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.1[,2]),fig.8.1[,3],fig.8.1[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,0.5:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() ############## ##Figure 8.2## ############## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_002.eps",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.2[,2]),fig.8.2[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(-30,30),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.2[,2]),fig.8.2[,3],fig.8.2[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Mandate: Republican","No Mandate","Mandate: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() #PDF: #Must remove NAs: fig.8.2a<-fig.8.2[-1,] fig.8.2a<-fig.8.2a[-1,] fig.8.2a<-fig.8.2a[-30,] pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_002.pdf",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) textplot(fig.8.2a[,2],fig.8.2a[,3],fig.8.2a[,1],xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",lwd=2,ylim=c(-30,30),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex=1.5,cex.axis=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,show.lines=F) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Mandate: Republican","No Mandate","Mandate: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_002.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_002_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_002.png",width=1200,height=1200) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.2[,2]),fig.8.2[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(-30,30),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.2[,2]),fig.8.2[,3],fig.8.2[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Mandate: Republican","No Mandate","Mandate: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.3### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_003.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.3[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Laws By Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(80,160)) lines(fig.8.3[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_003.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.3[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Laws By Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(80,160)) lines(fig.8.3[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_003.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_003_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_003.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.8.3[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Laws By Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.3[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(80,160)) lines(fig.8.3[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,15,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.4### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_004.eps",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.4[,2]),fig.8.4[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics Addressed in Hearings",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(100,220),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.4[,2]),fig.8.4[,3],fig.8.4[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_004.pdf",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) textplot(fig.8.4[,2],fig.8.4[,3],fig.8.4[,1],xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics Addressed in Hearings",las=2,bty="n",lwd=2,ylim=c(100,220),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex=1.5,cex.axis=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,show.lines=F) axis(1,0.5:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_004.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_004_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_004.png",width=1200,height=1200) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.4[,2]),fig.8.4[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics Addressed in Hearings",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(100,220),xlim=c(-0.25,2.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.4[,2]),fig.8.4[,3],fig.8.4[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(0,1,2),labels=c("Unified: Republican","Divided","Unified: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() ################## ####Figure 8.5#### ################## setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_005.eps",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.5[,2]),fig.8.5[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(-40,60),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.5[,2]),fig.8.5[,3],fig.8.5[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Change: Republican","No Change","Change: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_005.pdf",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) textplot(fig.8.5[,2],fig.8.5[,3],fig.8.5[,1],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(-40,60),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25,cex=1.5,show.lines=F) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Change: Republican","No Change","Change: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_005.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_005_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_005.png",width=1200,height=1200) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) set.seed(12345) plot(jitter(fig.8.5[,2]),fig.8.5[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Change in Number of Subtopics",las=2,bty="n",type="n",ylim=c(-40,60),xlim=c(-1.25,1.25),cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) text(jitter(fig.8.5[,2]),fig.8.5[,3],fig.8.5[,1],lwd=2,cex=1.5) axis(1,1:3,at=c(-1,0,1),labels=c("Change: Republican","No Change","Change: Democrat"),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("",1,line=3) dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.6### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_006.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.6[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(100,220)) lines(fig.8.6[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_006.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.6[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(100,220)) lines(fig.8.6[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_006.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_006_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_006.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.8.6[,3],lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",pch=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,19),cex=ifelse(fig.8.6[,2]==0,1,2),ylim=c(100,220)) lines(fig.8.6[,5],lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.7### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_007.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.7[,3],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(50,225)) lines(fig.8.7[,4],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,15,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("House","Senate"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_007.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.7[,3],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(50,225)) lines(fig.8.7[,4],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("House","Senate"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_007.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_007_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_007.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.8.7[,3],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Subtopics with Hearings",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(50,225)) lines(fig.8.7[,4],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) axis(1,3:63,at=c(2,7,12,15,17,22,27,32), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-1.0) axis(1,3:63, at=c(3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010,2020), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-1) legend("topleft",c("House","Senate"),lty=c(1,2),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.8### ################ #Remove missing values from column 4: actual<-fig.8.8[,4] actual<-actual[!is.na(actual)] #Create a counter: Pres.Year<-c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_008.eps",width=12,height=12) plot(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,2],type="l",xaxt="n",lty=3,lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="Extreme Changes (%)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,60)) lines(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(Pres.Year,actual,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,1:8,at=Pres.Year,labels=Pres.Year) mtext("Presidential Year",1,line=2) legend("topleft",c("Learning Hypothesis","First-Year Hypothesis","Observed Changes"),lty=c(3,2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_008.pdf",width=12,height=12) plot(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,2],type="l",xaxt="n",lty=3,lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="Extreme Changes (%)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,60)) lines(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(Pres.Year,actual,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,1:8,at=Pres.Year,labels=Pres.Year) mtext("Presidential Year",1,line=2) legend("topleft",c("Learning Hypothesis","First-Year Hypothesis","Observed Changes"),lty=c(3,2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_008.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_008_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_008.png",width=1200,height=1200) plot(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,2],type="l",xaxt="n",lty=3,lwd=2,xlab="",ylab="Extreme Changes (%)",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,60)) lines(fig.8.8[,1],fig.8.8[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(Pres.Year,actual,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,1:8,at=Pres.Year,labels=Pres.Year) mtext("Presidential Year",1,line=2) legend("topleft",c("Learning Hypothesis","First-Year Hypothesis","Observed Changes"),lty=c(3,2,1),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################ ###Figure 8.9### ################ setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_009.eps",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.9[,2]/10,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,2500)) lines(fig.8.9[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.8.9[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Bills Introduced (/10)","Hearings Passed","Laws Enacted"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_009.pdf",width=12,height=6) plot(fig.8.9[,2]/10,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,2500)) lines(fig.8.9[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.8.9[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-3) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Bills Introduced (/10)","Hearings Passed","Laws Enacted"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_009.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_009_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch8_009.png",width=1200,height=600) plot(fig.8.9[,2]/10,type="l",lty=1,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Number",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0,2500)) lines(fig.8.9[,3],type="l",lty=2,lwd=2) lines(fig.8.9[,4],type="l",lty=3,lwd=2) axis(1,3:33,at=c(1,11,21,31,41,51,61), labels=c(80,85,90,95,100,105,110)) mtext("Congress",1,line=1,at=-2.0) axis(1,3:33, at=c(3,13,23,33,43,53,63), labels=c(1950,1960,1970,1980,1990,2000,2010), line=3) mtext("Year",1,line=3,at=-2) legend("topleft",c("Bills Introduced (/10)","Hearings Passed","Laws Enacted"),lty=c(1,2,3),lwd=2,bty="n") dev.off() ################# ###Figure 6.A1### ################# #Delete first row b/c it is NA: fig.6.A1<-fig.6.A1[-1,] setEPS() postscript("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_0A1.eps",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) plot(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,3],type="p",pch=19,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Average Topic Entropy",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0.35,0.6),cex=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) lines(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,2:32,at=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225), labels=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("Number of Subtopics with Hearings",1,line=2,cex=1.25) dev.off() #PDF: pdf("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_0A1.pdf",width=12,height=12) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) plot(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,3],type="p",pch=19,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Average Topic Entropy",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0.35,0.6),cex=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) lines(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,2:32,at=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225), labels=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("Number of Subtopics with Hearings",1,line=2,cex=1.25) dev.off() embed_fonts("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_0A1.pdf",outfile="Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_0A1_embed.pdf") #PNG: png("Baumgartner_Jones_Ch6_0A1.png",width=1200,height=1200) par(mar=c(5,5,4,2)) plot(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,3],type="p",pch=19,lwd=2,xaxt="n",xlab="",ylab="Average Topic Entropy",las=2,bty="n",ylim=c(0.35,0.6),cex=1.25,cex.lab=1.5,cex.axis=1.25) lines(fig.6.A1[,2],fig.6.A1[,4],type="l",lty=1,lwd=2) axis(1,2:32,at=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225), labels=c(135,150,165,180,195,210,225),cex.axis=1.25) mtext("Number of Subtopics with Hearings",1,line=2,cex=1.25) dev.off()