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MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

SEC. 596. (a) FINDINGS- The Senate finds that:

(1) According to the World Health Organization, in 1999, there were 5,600,000 new cases of HIV/AIDS throughout the world, and two-thirds of those (3,800,000) were in sub-Saharan Africa.

(2) Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region in the world where a majority of those with HIV/AIDS --55 percent--are women.

(3) When women get the disease, they often pass it along to their children, and over 2,000,000 children in sub-Saharan Africa are living with HIV/AIDS .

(4) New investments and treatments hold out promise of making progress against mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS . For example--

(A) a study in Uganda demonstrated that a new drug could prevent almost one-half of the HIV transmissions from mothers to infants, at a fraction of the cost of other treatments; and

(B) a study of South Africa's population estimated that if all pregnant women in that country took an antiviral medication during labor, as many as 110,000 new cases of HIV/AIDS could be prevented over the next five years in South Africa alone.

(5) The Technical Assistance, Trade Promotion, and Anti-Corruption Act of 2000, as approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 23, 2000, ensures that not less than 8.3 percent of the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) HIV/AIDS funding is used to combat mother-to-child transmission.

(b) SENSE OF THE SENATE- It is the sense of the Senate that of the funds provided in this Act, the USAID should place a high priority on efforts, including providing medications, to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS .

REPORTING REQUIREMENT ON SUDAN

Sec. 597. One hundred and twenty days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees--

(1) describing--

(A) the areas of Sudan open to the delivery of humanitarian or other assistance through or from Operation Lifeline Sudan (in this section referred to as `OLS'), both in the Northern and Southern sectors;

(B) the extent of actual deliveries of assistance through or from OLS to those areas from January 1997 through the present;

(C) areas of Sudan which cannot or do not receive assistance through or from OLS, and the specific reasons for lack or absence of coverage, including--

(i) denial of access by the government of Sudan on a periodic basis (`flight bans'), including specific times and duration of denials from January 1997 through the present;

(ii) denial of access by the government of Sudan on an historic basis (`no-go' areas) since 1989 and the reason for such denials;

(iii) exclusion of areas from the original agreements which defined the limitations of OLS;

(iv) a determination by OLS of a lack of need in an area of no coverage;

(v) no request has been made to the government of Sudan for coverage or deliveries to those areas by OLS or any participating organization within OLS; or

(vi) any other reason for exclusion from or denial of coverage by OLS;

(D) areas of Sudan where the United States has provided assistance outside of OLS since January 1997, and the amount, extent and nature of that assistance;

(E) areas affected by the withdrawal of international relief organizations, or their sponsors, or both, due to the disagreement over terms of the `Agreement for Coordination of Humanitarian, Relief and Rehabilitation Activities in the SPLM Administered Areas' memorandum of 1999, including specific locations and programs affected; and

(2) containing a comprehensive assessment of the humanitarian needs in areas of Sudan not covered or served by OLS, including but not limited to the Nuba Mountains, Red Sea Hills, and Blue Nile regions.

PERU

Sec. 598. (a) SENSE OF THE SENATE- It is the sense of the Senate that:

(1) The Organization of American States (OAS) Electoral Observer Mission, led by Eduardo Stein, deserves the recognition and gratitude of the United States for having performed an extraordinary service in promoting representative democracy in the Americas by working to ensure free and fair elections in Peru and by exposing efforts of the Government of Peru to manipulate the national elections in April and May of 2000 to benefit the president in power.

(2) The Government of Peru failed to establish the conditions for free and fair elections--both for the April 9 election as well as for the May 28 run-off--by not taking effective steps to correct the `insufficiencies, irregularities, inconsistencies, and inequities' documented by the OAS Electoral Observation Mission.

(3) The United States Government should support the work of the OAS high-level mission, and that such mission should base its specific recommendations on the views of civil society in Peru regarding commitments by their government to respect human rights, the rule of law, the independence and constitutional role of the judiciary and national congress, and freedom of expression and journalism.

(4) In accordance with Public Law 106-186, the United States must review and modify as appropriate its political, economic, and military relations with Peru and work with other democracies in this hemisphere and elsewhere toward a restoration of democracy in Peru.

(b) REPORT- Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report evaluating United States political, economic, and military relations with Peru, in accordance with Public Law 106-186. Such report should review, but not be limited to, the following:

(1) The effectiveness of providing United States assistance to Peru only through independent non-governmental organizations or international organizations.

(2) Scrutiny of all United States anti-narcotics assistance to Peru and the effectiveness of providing such assistance through legitimate civilian agencies and the appropriateness of providing this assistance to any military or intelligence units that are known to have violated human rights, suppressed freedom of expression or undermined free and fair elections.

(3) The need to increase support to Peru through independent non-governmental organizations and international organizations to promote the rule of law, separation of powers, political pluralism, and respect for human rights, and to evaluate termination of support for entities that have cooperated with the undemocratic maneuvers of the executive branch.

(4) The effectiveness of United States policy of supporting loans or other assistance for Peru through international financial institutions (such as the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank), and an evaluation of terminating support to entities of the Government of Peru that have willfully violated human rights, suppressed freedom of expression, or undermined free and fair elections.

(5) The extent to which Peru benefits from the Andean Trade Preferences Act and the ramifications of conditioning participation in that program on respect for the rule of law and representative democracy.

(c) DETERMINATION- Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall determine and report to the appropriate committees of Congress whether the Government of Peru has made substantial progress in improving its respect for human rights, the rule of law (including fair trials of civilians), the independence and constitutional role of the judiciary and national congress, and freedom of expression and independent journalism.

(d) PROHIBITION- If the President determines and reports pursuant to subsection (c) that the Government of Peru has not made substantial progress, no funds appropriated by this Act may be made available for assistance for the Government of Peru, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive directors to the international financial institutions to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose loans to the Government of Peru, except loans to support basic human needs.

(e) EXCEPTION- The prohibition in subsection (d) shall not apply to humanitarian assistance, democracy assistance, anti-narcotics assistance, assistance to support binational peace activities involving Peru and Ecuador, assistance provided by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, or assistance provided by the Trade and Development Agency.

(f) WAIVER- The President may waive subsection (d) for periods not to exceed 90 days if he certifies to the appropriate committees of Congress that doing so is important to the national security interests of the United States and will promote the respect for human rights and the rule of law in Peru.

(g) DEFINITIONS- For the purposes of this section, `appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations in the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and Committee on International Relations in the House of Representatives. For the purposes of this section, `humanitarian assistance' includes but is not limited to assistance to support health and basic education.

SENSE OF SENATE REGARDING ZIMBABWE

Sec. 599. (a) FINDINGS- The Senate finds that--

(1) people around the world supported the Republic of Zimbabwe's quest for independence, majority rule, and the protection of human rights and the rule of law;

(2) Zimbabwe, at the time of independence in 1980, showed bright prospects for democracy, economic development, and racial reconciliation;

(3) the people of Zimbabwe are now suffering the destabilizing effects of a serious, government-sanctioned breakdown in the rule of law, which is critical to economic development as well as domestic tranquility;

(4) a free and fair national referendum was held in Zimbabwe in February 2000 in which voters rejected proposed constitutional amendments to increase the president's authorities to expropriate land without payment;

(5) the President of Zimbabwe has defied two high court decisions declaring land seizures to be illegal;

(6) previous land reform efforts have been ineffective largely due to corrupt practices and inefficiencies within the Government of Zimbabwe;

(7) recent violence in Zimbabwe has resulted in several murders and brutal attacks on innocent individuals, including the murder of farm workers and owners;

(8) violence has been directed toward individuals of all races;

(9) the ruling party and its supporters have specifically directed violence at democratic reform activists seeking to prepare for upcoming parliamentary elections;

(10) the offices of a leading independent newspaper in Zimbabwe have been bombed;

(11) the Government of Zimbabwe has not yet publicly condemned the recent violence;

(12) President Mugabe's statement that thousands of law-abiding citizens are enemies of the state has further incited violence;

(13) 147 out of 150 members of the Parliament in Zimbabwe (98 percent) belong to the same political party;

(14) the unemployment rate in Zimbabwe now exceeds 60 percent and political turmoil is on the brink of destroying Zimbabwe's economy;

(15) the economy is being further damaged by the Government of Zimbabwe's ongoing involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

(16) the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization has issued a warning that Zimbabwe faces a food emergency due to shortages caused by violence against farmers and farm workers; and

(17) events in Zimbabwe could threaten stability and economic development in the entire region.

(18) the Goverment of Zimbabwe has rejected international election observation delegation accreditation for United States-based nongovernmental organizations, including the International Republican Institute and National Democratic Institute, and is also denying accreditation for other nongovernmental organizations and election observers of certain specified nationalities.

(b) SENSE OF THE SENATE- The Senate--

(1) extends its support to the vast majority of citizens of the Republic of Zimbabwe who are committed to peace, economic prosperity, and an open, transparent parliamentary election process;

(2) strongly urges the Government of Zimbabwe to enforce the rule of law and fulfill its responsibility to protect the political and civil rights of all citizens;

(3) supports those international efforts to assist with land reform which are consistent with accepted principles of international law and which take place after the holding of free and fair parliamentary elections;

(4) condemns government-directed violence against farm workers, farmers, and opposition party members;

(5) encourages the local media, civil society, and all political parties to work together toward a campaign environment conducive to free, transparent and fair elections within the legally prescribed period;

(6) recommends international support for voter education, domestic and international election monitoring, and violence monitoring activities;

(7) urges the United States to continue to monitor violence and condemn brutality against law abiding citizens;

(8) congratulates all the democratic reform activists in Zimbabwe for their resolve to bring about political change peacefully, even in the face of violence and intimidation; and

(9) desires a lasting, warm, and mutually beneficial relationship between the United States and a democratic, peaceful Zimbabwe.

SENSE OF SENATE REGARDING ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA

SEC. 599A. It is the sense of the Senate that nothing in this Act regarding the assistance provided to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania under the heading `FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM' should be interpreted as expressing the sense of the Senate regarding an acceleration of the accession of Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

ELIMINATION OF DOWRY DEATHS AND HONOR KILLINGS

SEC. 599B. (a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of State should meet with representatives from countries that have a high incidence of the practice of dowry deaths or honor killings with a view toward working with the representatives to increase awareness of the practices, to develop strategies to end the practices, and to determine the scope of the problem within the refugee population.

(b) DEFINITIONS- In this section:

(1) DOWRY DEATH- The term `dowry death' means the killing of a woman because of a dowry dispute.

(2) HONOR KILLING- The term `honor killing' means the murder of a woman suspected of dishonoring her family.

ELIMINATION OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Sec. 599C. The Secretary of State shall conduct a study to determine the prevalence of the practice of female genital mutilation. The study shall include the existence and enforcement of laws prohibiting the practice. The Secretary shall submit the findings of the study and recommendations on how the United States can best work to eliminate the practice of female genital mutilation, to the appropriate congressional committees by June 1, 2001.

SUPPORT BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR SERBIA

Sec. 599D. (a) FINDINGS- Congress finds that--

(1) General Dragolub Ojdanic, Minister of Defense of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and an indicted war criminal, visited Moscow from May 7 through May 12, 2000, as a guest of the Government of the Russian Federation, attended the inauguration of President Vladimir Putin, and held talks with Russian Defense Minister Igor Sergeyev and Army Chief of Staff Anatoly Kvashnin;

(2) General Ojdanic was military Chief of Staff of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosova war and has been indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for crimes against humanity and violations of the laws and customs of war for alleged atrocities against Albanians in Kosova;

(3) international warrants have been issued by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for General Ojdanic's arrest and extradition to The Hague;

(4) the Government of the Russian Federation, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council which established the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, has an obligation to arrest General Ojdanic and extradite him to The Hague;

(5) on May 16, 2000, Russian Minister of Economics Andrei Shapovalyants announced that his government has provided the Serbian regime of Slobodan Milosevic $102,000,000 of a $150,000,000 loan it had reactivated and will sell the Government of Serbia $32,000,000 of oil despite the fact that the international community has imposed economic sanctions against the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Government of Serbia;

(6) the Government of the Russian Federation is providing the Milosevic regime such assistance while it is seeking debt relief from the international community and loans from the International Monetary Fund, and while it is receiving corn and grain as food aid from the United States;

(7) the hospitality provided to General Ojdanic demonstrates that the Government of the Russian Federation rejects the indictments brought by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia against him and other officials, including Slobodan Milosevic, for alleged atrocities committed during the Kosova war; and

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