THIS SEARCH THIS DOCUMENT GO TO
Next Hit Forward New Bills Search
Prev Hit Back HomePage
Hit List Best Sections Help
Doc Contents
S.2382
Technical Assistance, Trade Promotion, and Anti-Corruption Act of
2000 (Referred in Senate)
Subtitle D--Assistance to Countries With Large Populations Having
HIV/AIDS
SEC. 241. DEFINITIONS.
(1) AIDS - The term `AIDS' means the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome.
(2) ASSOCIATION- The term `Association' means the International
Development Association.
(3) BANK- The term `Bank' or `World Bank' means the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development.
(4) HIV- The term `HIV' means the human immunodeficiency virus.
(5) HIV/AIDS - The term
`HIV/AIDS' means, with respect
to an individual--
(A) an individual having HIV but not AIDS ; or
(B) an individual having HIV and AIDS .
SEC. 242. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
(a) FINDINGS- Congress makes the following findings:
(1) According to statistics of the World Bank, more than 90 percent of
all adults and children with HIV/AIDS live in the developing
world--62 percent in sub-Saharan Africa, 24 percent in Asia, and 6.9 percent
in Latin America and the Caribbean.
(2) According to UNAIDS, nearly 4,500,000 children under 15 years of age
have been infected with HIV since the AIDS epidemic began. More than
3,000,000 have already died of AIDS . Children are becoming
infected at about the rate of 1 child every minute, and the overwhelming
majority of these children acquire the infection from their mothers.
(3) The gap between rich and poor countries in terms of transmission of
HIV from mother to child has been increasing. Moreover, AIDS threatens to reverse years of
steady progress of child survival in developing countries. UNAIDS believes
that by the year 2010, AIDS
may have increased mortality of children under 5 years of age by more than
100 percent in regions most affected by the virus.
(4) In Africa, the death toll from AIDS has reached 13,000,000, while
23,000,000 others live with the disease, and more than 10,000,000 children
have been infected or orphaned by it.
(5) The World Bank, declaring AIDS not just a public health
problem but the `foremost and fastest-growing threat to development' in
Africa, has launched a new strategy for HIV/AIDS in Africa, declaring it a top
priority for the World Bank on that continent.
(6) AIDS , like all
diseases, knows no boundaries, and there is no certitude that the scale of
the problem in one continent can be contained within that region.
(7) Accordingly, United States financial support for medical research , education, and disease
containment as a global strategy has beneficial ramifications for millions
of Americans and their families who are affected by this disease, and the
entire population which is potentially susceptible.
(8) The discovery of a relatively simple and cheap means of interrupting
the transmission of HIV from an infected mother to the unborn child--namely
with nevirapine (NVP), which costs US$4 a tablet--has created a great
opportunity for an unprecedented partnership between the United States
Government and the governments of Asian, African and Latin American
countries to combat mother-to-child transmission (also known as `vertical
transmission') of HIV.
(9) According to UNAIDS, this strategy will decrease the proportion of
orphans that are HIV-infected and decrease infant and child mortality rates
in these developing regions.
(10) At current infection and growth rates for HIV/AIDS , the National Intelligence
Council estimates that the number of AIDS orphans worldwide will increase
dramatically, potentially increasing threefold or more in the next 10 years,
contributing to economic decay, social fragmentation, and political
destabilization in already volatile and strained societies. Children without
care or hope are often drawn into prostitution, crime, substance abuse, or
child soldiery.
(11) Donors must focus on adequate preparations for the explosion in the
number of orphans and the burden they will place on families, communities,
economies, and governments. Support structures and incentives for families,
communities, and institutions which will provide care for children orphaned
by HIV/AIDS , or for the
children who are themselves infected by HIV/AIDS , will be essential.
(12) A mother-to-child antiretroviral drug strategy can be a force for
social change, providing the opportunity and impetus needed to tackle often
long-standing problems of inadequate services and the profound stigma
associated with HIV-infection and the AIDS disease. Strengthening the
health infrastructure to improve mother-and-child health, antenatal,
delivery and postnatal services, and couples counseling generates enormous
spillover effects toward combating the AIDS epidemic in developing
regions.
(b) PURPOSES- The purposes of this subtitle are to--
(1) prevent human suffering; and
(2) ensure the viability of economic development, stability, and
national security in the developing world by advancing research to--
(A) understand the causes associated with HIV/AIDS in developing countries;
and
(B) assist in the development of an AIDS vaccine .
SEC. 243. ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE AUTHORITIES TO COMBAT HIV AND AIDS .
(a) ASSISTANCE FOR PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION-
Section 104(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)) is
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
`(4)(A) Congress recognizes the growing international dilemma of children
with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the merits of intervention
programs aimed at this problem. Congress further recognizes that
mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies can serve as a major force
for change in developing regions, and it is, therefore, a major objective of
the foreign assistance program to control the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS ) epidemic.
`(B) The agency primarily responsible for administering this part
shall--
`(i) coordinate with UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, local governments, and other
organizations to develop and implement effective strategies to prevent
vertical transmission of HIV; and
`(ii) coordinate with those organizations to increase in scale
intervention programs and introduce voluntary counseling and testing,
antiretroviral drugs, replacement feeding, and other strategies.
`(5)(A) Congress expects the agency primarily responsible for
administering this part to make the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS ) a priority in the foreign
assistance program and to undertake a comprehensive, coordinated effort to
combat HIV and AIDS .
`(B) Assistance described in subparagraph (A) shall include providing--
`(i) primary prevention and education;
`(ii) voluntary testing and counseling;
`(iii) medications to prevent the transmission of HIV and AIDS from mother to child; and
`(iv) care for those living with HIV or AIDS .
`(6)(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there
is authorized to be appropriated to the President $300,000,000 for fiscal year
2001 to carry out paragraphs (4) and (5).
`(B) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subparagraph (A),
not less than 65 percent is authorized to be available through United States
and foreign nongovernmental organizations, including private and voluntary
organizations, for-profit organizations, religious affiliated organizations,
educational institutions, and research facilities.
`(C)(i) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by subparagraph (A),
not less than 20 percent is authorized to be available for programs as part of
a multidonor strategy to address the support and education of orphans in
sub-Saharan Africa, including AIDS orphans.
`(ii) Assistance made available under this subparagraph may be made
available notwithstanding any other provision of law.
`(D) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subparagraph (A),
not less than 8.3 percent is authorized to be available to carry out the
prevention strategies for vertical transmission referred to in paragraph
(4)(A).
`(E) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by subparagraph (A), not
more than 7 percent may be used for the administrative expenses of the agency
primarily responsible for carrying out this part of this Act in support of
activities described in paragraphs (4) and (5).
`(F) Funds appropriated under this paragraph are authorized to remain
available until expended.'.
(b) TRAINING AND TRAINING FACILITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA- Section
496(i)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293(i)(2)) is
amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: `In addition,
providing training and training facilities, in sub-Saharan Africa, for doctors
and other health care providers, notwithstanding any provision of law that
restricts assistance to foreign countries.'.
SEC. 244. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR VACCINES AND
IMMUNIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL AIDS VACCINE INITIATIVE.
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- Section 302 of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2222) is amended by adding at the end the following new
subsections:
`(j) In addition to amounts otherwise available under this section, there
is authorized to be appropriated to the President $50,000,000 for fiscal year
2001 to be available only for United States contributions to the Global
Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations.
`(k) In addition to amounts otherwise available under this section, there
is authorized to be appropriated to the President $10,000,000 for fiscal year
2001 to be available only for United States contributions to the International
AIDS Vaccine Initiative.'.
(b) REPORT- At the close of fiscal year 2001, the President shall submit a
report to the appropriate congressional committees on the effectiveness of the
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative during that fiscal
year in meeting the goals of--
(1) improving access to sustainable immunization services;
(2) expanding the use of all existing, safe, and cost-effective vaccines
where they address a public health problem;
(3) accelerating the development and introduction of new vaccines and
technologies;
(4) accelerating research
and development efforts for vaccines needed primarily in developing
countries; and
(5) making immunization coverage a centerpiece in international
development efforts.
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED- In subsection (b), the
term `appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the
House of Representatives.
SEC. 245. MULTILATERAL LIFESAVING VACCINE PURCHASE FUND.
(a) NEGOTIATIONS- The President should enter into negotiations with
officials of foreign governments and other interested parties for the
establishment of an international vaccine purchase fund that would--
(1) accept contributions from governments of developed countries;
(2) use such contributions to purchase and distribute in developing
countries vaccines for--
(D) any infectious disease (of a single etiology) which causes the
deaths of over 1,000,000 people worldwide each year; and
(3) be a significant market incentive for private sector vaccine research .
(b) REPORT- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act,
and annually thereafter, the President shall submit a report to Congress
on--
(1) the status of negotiations under subsection (a); and
(2) if such fund is established, any recommendations for further
action.
SEC. 246. WORLD BANK TRUST FUND FOR AIDS PREVENTION AND ERADICATION.
(a) NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE CREATION OF A WORLD BANK TRUST FUND TO ASSIST IN
AIDS PREVENTION AND ERADICATION-
The Secretary of the Treasury shall enter into negotiations with the World
Bank or the Association, with the member nations of such institutions, and
with other interested parties for the creation of a trust fund, to be
administered by the Bank or the Association, as appropriate, which would--
(1) accept contributions from governments, the private sector, and
nongovernmental entities of all kinds; and
(2) use such contributions to address the AIDS epidemic in countries eligible
to borrow from the Association.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- In addition to any other funds
authorized to be appropriated for multilateral or bilateral programs related
to AIDS , there is authorized to
be appropriated to the President $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 for payment
to the trust fund established as a result of the negotiations entered into
pursuant to subsection (a).
(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS- Beginning 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit
to the Committees on Banking and Financial Services and on International
Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs and on Foreign Relations of the Senate a written
report on the trust fund established pursuant to subsection (a), the goals of
the trust fund, the programs, projects, and activities, including any
vaccination approaches, supported by the trust fund, and the effectiveness of
such programs, projects, and activities in reducing the worldwide spread of
AIDS .
SEC. 247. NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE CREATION OF A WORLD BANK TRUST FUND FOR
EDUCATION OF ORPHANS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
(a) NEGOTIATIONS- The Secretary of the Treasury shall enter into
negotiations with the World Bank or the Association, with member nations of
such institutions, and with other interested parties, for the creation of a
trust fund which could accept contributions from governments, the private
sector, and nongovernmental entities of all kinds, and use such contributions
to provide support for or the establishment of programs which provide primary
and secondary education for orphans in sub-Saharan Africa.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- In addition to funds otherwise
available for the purposes of subsection (a), there is authorized to be
appropriated to the President $50,000,000 for the fiscal year 2001 for payment
to the trust fund established as a result of the negotiations entered into
pursuant to subsection (a).
SEC. 248. COORDINATED DONOR STRATEGY FOR SUPPORT AND EDUCATION OF ORPHANS IN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151
et seq.) is amended--
(1) by redesignating the second section 129 (as added by section 4 of
the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-320)) as section 130;
and
(2) by adding at the end the following new section:
`SEC. 131. COORDINATED DONOR STRATEGY FOR SUPPORT AND EDUCATION OF ORPHANS
IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
`(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY- It is in the national interest of the United
States to assist in mitigating the burden that will be placed on sub-Saharan
African social, economic, and political institutions as these institutions
struggle with the consequences of a dramatically increasing AIDS orphan population, many of whom
are themselves infected by HIV/AIDS . Effectively addressing that
burden and its consequences in sub-Saharan Africa will require a coordinated
multidonor strategy.
`(b) DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY- The President shall coordinate the
development of a multidonor strategy to provide for the support and education
of AIDS orphans and the
families, communities, and institutions most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan
Africa.
`(c) DEFINITION- In this section, the term `HIV/AIDS' means, with respect to an
individual, an individual who is infected with--
`(1) the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); or
`(2) HIV and the acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS ).'.
SEC. 249. AFRICAN CRISIS RESPONSE INITIATIVE AND HIV/AIDS TRAINING.
(a) FINDINGS- Congress finds that--
(1) the spread of AIDS
constitutes a threat to security in Africa;
(2) civil unrest and war may contribute to the spread of the disease to
different parts of the continent;
(3) the percentage of soldiers in African militaries who are infected
with HIV/AIDS is unknown, but
estimates range in some countries as high as 40 percent; and
(4) it is in the interests of the United States to assist the countries
of Africa in combating the spread of HIV/AIDS .
(b) EDUCATION ON THE PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF AIDS - In undertaking education and
training programs for military establishments of in African countries, the
United States shall ensure that classroom training under the African Crisis
Response Initiative includes military-based education on the prevention of the
spread of AIDS .
Subtitle E--International Tuberculosis Control
SEC. 251. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the `International Tuberculosis Control Act
of 2000'.
SEC. 252. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Since the development of antibiotics in the 1950s, tuberculosis has
been largely controlled in the United States and the Western World.
(2) Due to societal factors, including growing urban decay, inadequate
health care systems, persistent poverty, overcrowding, and malnutrition, as
well as medical factors, including the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the emergence of
multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis, tuberculosis has again become
a leading and growing cause of adult deaths in the developing world.
(3) According to the World Health Organization--
(A) in 1998, about 1,860,000 people worldwide died of
tuberculosis-related illnesses;
(B) one-third of the world's total population is infected with
tuberculosis; and
(C) tuberculosis is the world's leading killer of women between 15 and
44 years old and is a leading cause of children becoming orphans.
(4) Because of the ease of transmission of tuberculosis, its
international persistence and growth pose a direct public health threat to
those nations that had previously largely controlled the disease. This is
complicated in the United States by the growth of the homeless population,
the rate of incarceration, international travel, immigration, and HIV/AIDS .
THIS SEARCH THIS DOCUMENT GO TO
Next Hit Forward New Bills Search
Prev Hit Back HomePage
Hit List Best Sections Help
Doc Contents