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Copyright 1999 Federal News Service, Inc.  
Federal News Service

FEBRUARY 24, 1999, WEDNESDAY

SECTION: IN THE NEWS

LENGTH: 6736 words

HEADLINE: PREPARED STATEMENT OF
ERNEST MONIZ
UNDER SECRETARY OF ENERGY
BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMERCE COMMITTEE
ENERGY & POWER SUBCOMMITTEE

BODY:
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Members of the Subcommittee, for the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the FY 2000 budget request for the Department of Energy.
In FY 2000, the Department requests $17.8 billion dollars for all of its science, energy research, energy security, and defense activities. This is slightly less than the mount requested last year. This request supports the Departments activities in four business lines:
- National Security: $6.228 billion
- Energy Resources: $2.318 billion
- Environmental Quality: $6.452 billion
- Science: $2.844 billion
This budget request, and the programs it supports, reflect the Administration's agenda to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The research and development capabilities of the Department of Energy place it at the forefront of many of the technological advances that will define the next millennium. "Science, Security, and Energy: Powering the 21st Century" is more than just the theme of our budget request this year; it defines the unique contributions that DOE has been making, and will continue to make, towards improving the lives and the security of all Americans. Attached to this testimony are concise summaries of the budget requests for each of our programs.
DOE's Missions
In National Security, DOE plays a critical role by ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of our nuclear arsenal, and through our efforts, to reduce the dangers of the spread and use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The Department is maintaining the nuclear stockpile safely and reliably without testing, thereby supporting the Comprehensive Test Ban while sustaining the nuclear deterrent. The Department also plays a central role in securing nuclear material and knowhow in the Former Soviet Union, in support of America's non- proliferation goals. The technological strength of the Department's laboratories is being used to protect America from the threat of weapons of mass destruction.
In Energy Resources, DOE is the lead agency in the Clinton Administration's commitment to abundant, affordable, secure, and clean energy, and to electricity restructuring. Energy is the lifeblood of our economy. The Department is advancing a broad research and development (R&D) portfolio to improve the efficiency of, and reduce the emissions from, fossil fuel use; to advance the development of economical renewable technologies; and to provide nuclear energy options that are passively safe, proliferation resistant, and minimize waste.
At the same time, energy use is at the core of some of our most pressing environmental challenges: smog and particulate emissions, acid rain, and global warming. Once again, DOE's policy initiatives and energy R&D portfolio -- which focuses attention on increasing energy efficiency -- will help us to sustain a strong economy with ample and clean energy resources. The Department will work with Congress to advance electricity sector restructuring, which will bring lasting benefits to all Americans, to the economy, and to the environment.
In Environmental Quality, the Department's task is clear. We will continue to make progress in cleaning up the environmental legacy of the cold war nuclear weapons program, and we will do so while minimizing the risks to human health and safety. Our goal is to finish the cleanup job at most of our sites by the year 2006, while systematically addressing the persistent challenges at our largest cleanup sites, in accordance with various regulatory agreements. The scientific and technical issues involved in meeting this challenge are among the most complex of any environmental cleanup job anywhere in the world. DOE's strong science and technology base, and our capacity to conduct interdisciplinary, leading edge R&D, will help us to accomplish our cleanup goals. Furthermore, we will continue to work towards resolving the scientific and technical issues surrounding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
In Science, our main goal is to ensure that the nation's preeminent scientific infrastructure successfully meets the missions and goals that the nation has set for the Department of Energy. At its heart, DOE is a science agency. Each of DOE's mission areas relies on cutting edge science and technology to achieve its objectives. And the nation's scientific community depends on DOE and the DOE laboratory system to maintain U.S. leadership in an extensive range of research disciplines. In particular, the Department has a unique responsibility for designing, building, and operating an extensive set of user facilities for basic and applied research, serving over 15,000 scientists and engineers across the nation.
As Under Secretary, one of my main responsibilities is to ensure that all the research and development activities supported by DOE, or performed by DOE's laboratories, serve the missions and goals set out for the Department. To do this we are organizing all R&D activities at DOE into a comprehensive portfolio, and assessing whether this R&D portfolio is designed optimally to meet the Department's mission needs. We are in the last stages of developing the DOE R&D Portfolio. This portfolio will describe and analyze, for each of the four business lines, how the overall goals of the Department are supported by the specific R&D activities carried out in each program, and will facilitate discussions with the Department's stakeholders.
National Security
The Department's $6.228 billion request for National Security programs is an increase of $244 million over the FY 1999 appropriation. The FY 2000 request for Weapons Activities is $4.531 billion; this includes $2.286 billion for the Stockpile Stewardship program and $2.071 billion for the Stockpile Management program. The Stockpile Stewardship program is a science-based program designed to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of the nuclear deterrent without underground nuclear testing. Critical to the success of this effort is the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), which is developing state-of-the-art supercomputers and associated applications.
Another important component of this program is the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a 192-laser beam facility under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, that will advance not only our understanding of the physics of nuclear weapons, but will also advance mankind's knowledge in fusion and basic science. The Stockpile Management program request includes $170 million for the tritium program, which will be used to develop the irradiation services option chosen by Secretary Richardson, and to complete design work on the accelerator option in order to preserve it as a "back-up" capability. The $767 million dollar budget for Nonproliferation and National Security is an increase from $697 in FY 1999. This does not include separate requests for Intelligence ($36.1 million) and Counterintelligence ($31.2 million--$18.6 in new budget authority).

We are asking for $221 million for Nonproliferation Research and Development to develop technologies for detecting nuclear explosions, detecting the production of different forms of WMD, countering chemical and biological weapons that could be released in our cities, and aiding federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.
Our request also includes $30 million for the Initiative for Proliferation Prevention and $30 million for the Nuclear Cities Initiative. These programs are designed to ensure that Russia's most experienced scientists and technicians can be gainfully employed at a time when they are highly sought after by rogue nations and terrorist organizations.
The Fissile Materials Disposition program includes a request for $200 million to provide storage for U.S. weapons usable uranium and plutonium, while providing a technical basis for similar actions by the Russians. The Department recently announced that Savannah River is the preferred site for the Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility (FY 2000 request of $28.8 million) and the Mixed Oxide Fuel (MOX) Fabrication facility ($12.4 million).
The Worker and Community Transition program request is $30 million. This will allow the Department to facilitate earlier site closures and to promote the reindustrialization of excess facilities. The result should be long term savings approaching $1 billion. The program also makes it possible to move to more efficient contracting mechanisms while utilizing the skills of the existing work force. In the case of Oak Ridge, for example, we were able to avoid immediate severance liabilities of up to $45 million.
Energy Resources
The three key elements of DOE's Energy Resources mission are energy security, clean energy, and electricity industry restructuring. The Department of Energy continues to play a major role in helping to ensure the Nation's energy security and responding to both U.S. and world energy demand and the environmental consequences associated with energy production and utilization. And just as end of the Cold War left us with significant new national security challenges, the current international energy and economic situation bring with them new energy challenges.
While it may be of benefit to U.S. consumers, the international oil market has created significant problems for producers. Low prices and abundant near-term supply will exacerbate the decline in higher cost domestic production while making investments in new energy supply and increased efficiency less attractive. This has the potential to increase U.S. dependence on imported oil and increase our vulnerability to future price increases and supply shortages. The Department and the Administration are moving to address these challenges on several fronts.
First, in December, the Secretary appointed an internal Emergency Oil Task Force to develop a balanced oil action plan to enhance America's energy security, preserve domestic oil production capacity, lower the cost of production and to explore other actions government can take.
To enhance America's energy security, we have developed a plan for using 28 million barrels of Federal Royalty Oil to fill the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) from off-shore oil production in the Gulf of Mexico. We also offered unutilized SPR capacity for long term commercial storage with storage fees to be paid in oil to increase the inventory. These steps reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. economy at tremendous cost savings to the taxpayer.
To help lower the costs of production, we just committed $18 million for a technology-driven, industry cost-shared program to improve oil recovery from endangered domestic reservoirs. We also kicked off a program to assist small independents -- those with less than 50 employees -- that have specific production problems, ranging from reservoir characterization to environmental compliance. We are working with other agencies and the Administration to suspend production for stripper oil wells on federal lands. These steps prevent premature abandonment of important well capacity, maintain domestic production and preserve oil and gas and small business infrastructure.
To lower the cost of production, we are announcing plans to expand the use of energy-efficient technologies to lower the cost of oil production. We are inaugurating a pilot program for on-line oil and gas permitting for state agencies. We are aggressively pursuing improved recovery from high-potential reservoirs, and we have requested a 3.2% increase in oil technology research and development for FY 2000 -- a modest reversal of the historic pattern of annual reductions, but a reversal nonetheless.
In another action to preserve our domestic production, the Department is exploring possibilities for targeted tax relief. Such relief would have to be cost-effective and would require budget offsets. Any tax relief proposal would require the concurrence of the rest of the Administration, and the passage of legislation by the Congress.
Second, the Department has moved very aggressively to reshape the way in which we make technology investment decisions to maximize our national return on those investments. Throughout the Department, and especially within the civilian research and development sector, we have initiated technology "road-mapping." The process involves cooperative discussions between the Department and industry sectors to determine technology needs and the types of research and development activities needed to address them. These roadmapping efforts serve two purposes. They act as a catalyst for the industry to develop an effective R&D roadmap, and they help us to identify those investments which are most appropriate for the government to make. When appropriate, we are requiring significant cost-sharing with industry to ensure marketplace of the research agenda and a concomitant predisposition to deployment of the new technologies.
We have also requested increases in funding to develop and deploy new, energy efficient technologies that would not otherwise receive adequate private-sector backing in the face of historically low energy prices. These investments make good economic sense, and good environmental sense. The FY 2000 budget includes a 20 percent increase, or $209 million, to fund energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.
Third, we strongly support legislation to restructure the electricity industry to ensure that U.S. consumers receive the benefits of most economically efficient energy production and that production and transmission sectors are encouraged to maximize their efficiency.
The Clinton Administration supports the progress that is being made towards promoting retail competition in the electric utility industry. Our analysis indicates that competition will benefit consumers and the economy to the tune of $20 billion per year, and that also it will be good for the environment. The Department of Energy will soon be forwarding an updated version of the Administration' s Comprehensive Electricity Competition Plan to Congress. This revised legislation will retain the basic framework of encouraging retail electric competition, but providing the states and unregulated municipal and cooperative utilities the flexibility they need to "opt out" if they determine that competition would not be beneficial to their consumers. Under the leadership of Secretary Richardson, the Department has been engaged in an effort to fine-tune the legislation the Administration sent to Capitol Hill last year to: (1) make the bill more consumer friendly, and (2) address issues which were not contained in the original proposal (e.g., the role of federal utilities in a competitive environment).
Approximately 20 states have enacted legislation or promulgated regulations that either have led or will lead to the implementation of retail competition programs. Almost every other state has the matter under active consideration. While the states are playing a primary role in the move towards competition, Federal action is necessary to remove the statutory impediments that currently exist and also to ensure that interstate electricity markets are sufficiently competitive and reliable. The Department believes that it is important to act sooner rather than later to complement what is going on at the state level, and stands ready to work with Congress to get the job done. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
The Department's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Program has five principal objectives: (1) to reduce U.S. reliance on imported oil through improving efficiency and increasing the use of domestic renewable energy resources, (2) to maintain U.S. technological expertise and competitive advantage in global energy technology markets, (3) to minimize and reduce pollution attributable to energy consumption, (4) to develop and deploy technologies capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and (5) to align the strategy for development of efficiency and renewable energy technologies with the new demands of a deregulated electricity market.
 
The FY 2000 funding request for the Department's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs includes an increase of $209 million for a total of $1.2 billion. Key results supported by the FY 2000 budget request include:
- Power. Improve the performance, reduce the cost, and perform highly leveraged field verifications of technologies that generate electricity from renewable energy resources in a highly competitive, restructured utility environment. Power Technology programs are expected to replace up to 1.2 Quads of domestic primary energy by clean renewable resources, save consumers $1.4 billion, and reduce annual U.S. carbon emissions by nearly 24 million metric tons of carbon equivalent by 2010. This is roughly equivalent to all the energy used for a year in homes in Texas, our nation's second largest state.
- Industry. Develop and facilitate the deployment of energy efficient technologies in partnership with the most energy intensive industries. Investments are expected to save up to 1.5 Quads, $6 billion, and 29 million metric tons carbon equivalent (MMTCE) annually by 2010. This is roughly equivalent to all the industrial energy used for a year in Pennsylvania, the fifth largest state in the nation.
- Transportation. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) will support development of technologies needed for an 80 mpg family automobile, and more efficient small and heavy trucks. DOE Transportation programs are expected to save up to one million barrels per day of oil, $9.9 billion, and reduce carbon 25 MMTCE annually by 2010. This is roughly equivalent to the oil-based fuels used in a year for transportation in Florida, the third largest state in the nation.
- Buildings. Work with industry, states, and other key partners to develop and implement energy efficient buildings and building technologies and programs leading to savings of up to 2.3 Quads, $16 billion, and 36 MMCTE annually by 2010. This is roughly equivalent to all residential and commercial building energy use in Texas in a year. In addition, the program will weatherize nearly 77,000 low income homes.
- FEMP. Accelerate efforts to deliver federal energy savings through $5 billion worth of Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) with the private sector under the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Also accelerate utility financing and procurement of energy efficiency products to achieve a 30 percent reduction in federal energy efficiency. FEMP programs are expected to save up to 0.1 Quads, $400 million, and 1.2 MMCTE annually by 2010.
Fossil Energy
The FY 2000 Fossil Energy R&D request is $364 million, which includes the use of $11 million in prior year balances for a total operating budget of $375 million, a decrease of 2.4%. One of the key components of the Fossil Energy R&D request is the development of the "Vision 21 Powerplex" the power plant of the future. This includes modular technologies that could be integrated into anon-polluting energy producing facility, such as membranes for the low-cost separation of oxygen and other gases. The high efficiency of Vision 21 Plants (60 percent for coal and 75 percent for gas) could, by 2030, reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally by 370 million tons of carbo per year. Sequestration R&D could lead to low cost options for reducing U.S, emissions by an additional 250 million tons of carbon during the same time frame. The economic benefits of Vision 21 Plants, through savings in electricity costs to consumers, could reach $5-15 billion annually by 2030. In addition, lower cost emission control technologies could save $5 billion annually by 2010.
Within the Clean Coal Technology Program, the Department is requesting the net deferral of $246 million in funding until FY 2001 and beyond. This is due to changes in project plans for pending projects that do not need to be funded at previously expected levels at this time. During FY 2000, the Department expects to complete demonstration of the third integrated gasification combined cycle project at Pinion Pine and to continue operations at the Polk project. Activities at these two Clean Coal Technology projects will provide the engineering foundation for a new generation of powerplants with efficiencies in the 60 % range.
We have also proposed $164 million to operate America's energy security insurance policy -- the Strategic Petroleum Reserve -- without selling oil, including $5 million to ensure adequate resources to operate the Reserve at its maximum draw down rate during an emergency. We recently announced programs to use royalty oil and facility leasing to increase the amount of oil stored in the Reserve. In addition, we are completing upgrades of Reserve facilities, and by the end of FY 2000, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve will have completed a comprehensive systems refurbishment to assure physical system capability through the year 2025.
Key results supported by the FY 2000 budget request include:
- Coal R&D. Start construction of a clean, advanced coal fire power system -- part of the final phase of the Low Emissions Boiler Program (LEBS) to be completed in 2001. The system will use newly developed high temperature filtration processes for superior environmental performance and provide the foundation for a new generation of highly efficient, supercritical steam power plants. Complete subscale testing of a high temperature air furnace technology for use in highly efficient, indirectly-fired combustion power systems and in Vision 21 Power Plexes. Complete initial laboratory tests of novel gaseous separation (O2, H, CO2) technologies to provide low cost options for Vision 21 Power Plexes. Identify candidates for low-cost gas purification technologies to support zero emissions goal of Vision 21 Power Plexes.
- Natural Gas and Oil R&D. Continue the scale-up development of ceramic membranes for gas-to-liquids processing; continue implementing the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) recommendation for a methane hydrates recovery program; and continue development of advanced diagnostics and imaging technologies for highly fractured and bypassed gas reservoirs and endangered domestic oil reserves. Continue support for National Laboratory partnerships with industry and the Petroleum Technology Transfer Council. Initiate Preferred Petroleum Upstream Management Practices (PUMP).Continue a restructured advanced gas turbine program for the 2001 introduction o f"quantum leap" turbines, continue scale-up tests or a solid oxide fuel cell, and continue cost-reduction R&D for molten carbonate fuel cell technologies.
- Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves. Continue to operate NPR3 and to finalize equity determination activities on NPR1.
- Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Maintain a highly reliable level of operational readiness. Complete oil skimming and decommissioning at Weeks Island. Initiate the long term monitoring of Weeks Island to assure mine stability. Test major SPR systems in the post-Life Extension program era at all sites. The addition of $5 million to the SPR Petroleum Account will assure the capability to sustain drawdown operations.
- Clean Coal Technology. Continue prior cost-shared commitments to 20 projects projected to be active in FY 2000.
Nuclear Energy
The FY 2000 request for Nuclear Energy programs is $269.3 million, a $6 million increase from FY 1999. The Department's request includes $25 million for the "Nuclear Energy Research Initiative." NERI supports peer-reviewed research and development in advanced technologies that can address some of the barriers to the long-term use of nuclear power in the United States. NERI will explore advanced technologies associated with areas such as proliferation-resistant reactor and fuel technologies, small and high efficiency reactor systems, and methods for greatly enhancing safety and minimizing wastes. The Nuclear Energy request also includes $30 million for the Fast Flux Test Facility at the Department's Hanford Reservation. The Department is currently evaluating future missions for the reactor and will make a decision this spring on the future of the reactor. Funding at the request level would be adequate to fund minimum surveillance and maintenance to keep it in a safe and environmentally-compliant condition.
The Department is also evaluating the potential application of electrometallurgical treatment technology to some of our spent fuel challenges. Any decision to use this technology will be based, in part, on the results of an ongoing National Research Council review, as well as on the completion of an Environmental Impact Statement. The FY 2000 budget provides limited funding for this technology pending completion of this evaluation.
The Nuclear Energy budget also supports the Department's radioisotope power system production capability.

These power systems are used by NASA and other government agencies for deep space probes and other remote power applications. The Department has adopted a strategy wherein the our budget is used only to maintain physical and institutional capability to manufacture these systems, while the cost of production will be charged to its federal agency "customers." DOE is the only source of these power science and technology systems, and the nation's ability to explore deep space depends on the availability of these systems.
The Nuclear Energy budget also supports production and distribution of isotopes for medicine and research where no commercially available alternatives exist. The FY 2000 budget request proposes to launch the Advanced Nuclear Medicine Initiative, to apply our unique expertise and capabilities in isotopes to advance nuclear medicine technology. This initiative sponsors peer-reviewed research that would include using the Department's large inventory of alpha-emitting isotopes to fight a wide spectrum of illnesses.
The Office of Nuclear Energy has primary responsibility within the Department for implementation of Public Law 105-204, which requires the Department to prepare a plan to begin construction of two depleted uranium hexafluoride conversion plants at Portsmouth, Ohio and Paducah, Kentucky by January 31, 2004. Depleted uranium hexafluoride is a residual product created from the operation of uranium enrichment plants formerly operated by the Department and now operated by the privatized U.S. Enrichment Corporation. The Department expects to publish a formal solicitation for expressions of interest (EOI) in construction of these plants within the next week. The Office of Nuclear Energy is currently working to complete the statutorily required plan to support plant construction. The Department expects to transmit the final plan to the Congress this spring once responses are received from the EOI.
Key results supported by the FY 2000 budget request include:
- Solve critical technology issues with existing nuclear plants.
- Conduct investigator-initiated, peer-reviewed innovative nuclear energy research and development.
- Optimize the capability of existing nuclear power plants to contribute to the reduction in U.S. CO2 emissions. - Develop and produce vital medical, research, and industrial isotopes and their related applications.
- Maintain the capability to produce safe nuclear power systems and related technologies for future space exploration.
- Support research and education programs at U.S. universities through grants, fellowships, and scholarships.
- Manage Nuclear Energy facilities and DOE research reactors in a safe, economical, and environmentally sound manner.
- Develop advanced technologies to treat DOE spent fuel.
- Implement a long-term management strategy for the Department's depleted uranium hexafluoride inventory.
- Maintain and/or deactivate the Department's surplus non-weapons nuclear reactor sites.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Environmental Management
The Department is requesting $5.9 billion for the Office of Environmental Management, including privatization, or roughly $100 million more than the current year. Of this mount, all but $571 million is funded under "Atomic Energy Defense Activities" as part of the Nation's defense budget. The civilian portion of the budget request includes environmental management activities at the Department's civilian research and production facilities as well as funding for the Department's statutory obligations for environmental restoration work at the West Valley facility in New York, uranium mill tailings sites, and uranium enrichment facilities.
The FY 2000 request reflects our effort to maintain a stable program that provides sufficient resources to meet our multiple demands of risk reduction, compliance and mortgage reduction. Because of the complexity of the cleanup and waste treatment operations, reliable and sustained funding is essential for performing the extraordinarily complex planning required for these long-lead time projects. The commitments based on this budget will be accelerated cleanup and closure, deployment of new technologies, and progress in resolving the nuclear waste backlog. We have set very ambitious goals for closing several sites by the year 2006, including a number of major non- defense projects including the Weldon Spring Site in Missouri, the Battelle Columbus Laboratory and the Mound Plant in Ohio, and the Energy Technology Engineering Center in California.
By working towards our goal for cleanup, we not only reduce the hazards presently facing our workforce and the public, but also reduce the long-term financial burden on the taxpayer. For every year that a site remains open because cleanup has not been completed, we are paying a "mortgage" of necessary overhead for activities such as site security, facility operations, personnel, safety and other costs. By completing cleanup sooner, particularly at sites where we have no other continuing missions, we can substantially reduce these overhead costs. The FY 2000 budget request is now fully structured to emphasize site closure and project completion.
We have made substantial progress towards this vision. We are completing site cleanups. In FY 1998, we finished cleanup of an entire class of nuclear waste sites -- uranium mill tailings sites. Except for remaining ground water contamination, we completed cleanup of 22 large uranium mill tailings sites as well as 5,300 "vicinity properties," including elementary schools and homes. This project included remediation of over 40 million cubic yards of contaminated soil and material, a volume that would cover a football field with a mound of dirt four miles high. Also in FY 1998, we completed the primary vitrification campaign of the high-level wastes at the West Valley Demonstration Project in New York, ahead of schedule, and have begun the vitrification of high-level waste taeels which will continue through FY 2001.
I previously discussed the Department's responsibility for construction of conversion plants for depleted uranium hexafluoride resulting from the operation of uranium enrichment plants at Paducah, Kentucky and Portsmouth, Ohio. Decontamination and decommissioning of the uranium enrichment plants themselves, including a third plant located at Oak Ridge, Tennessee are funded out of the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992. This fund also is used to reimburse private-sector companies operating uranium and thorium processing sites for specified costs of environmental cleanup within statutorily defined limitations. The Departments FY 2000 request for these activities is $240.2 million--a $20 million increase over the current year. The increase is entirely within the uranium enrichment portion of the fund.
Within the Defense Environmental Management account, we are continuing work on the clean up of the Department's nuclear weapons complex. We continue to have a goal of cleaning up several major sites, including Fernald, Rocky Flats, and Mound, by the end of FY 2006, and to reduce the life-cycle cost of completing clean up activities at our other environmental management sites. We are also continuing with privatization projects at Carlsbad, Hanford, Idaho, and Oak Ridge. The Department will be submitting shortly its annual report to the Congress on the status of these privatization projects.
The Office of Environmental Management has been playing a lead role in the Department-wide effort to use roadmapping techniques to improve the way we develop and manage science and technology programs. EM has constructed science and technology roadmaps at three levels: overall EM investments in science and technology have been mapped in the EM R&D Program Plan that was released in November 1998; five problem area roadmaps have been built at the Focus Area level; and a number of project level roadmaps have been developed, e.g., Hanford Vadose Zone and Salt Treatment Alternatives at the Savannah River Site.
EM is applying systems engineering principles to develop these roadmaps on an integrated, complex wide basis. This complex-wide integration effort, championed by five Field Office Managers and the EM Assistant Secretary, was a winner of the 1998 Government Technology Leadership Award, sponsored by Government Executive magazine. Complex- wide integration activities, combined with science and technology roadmapping efforts, will strengthen the scientific and technical underpinnings of the EM program and ultimately reduce the cost of the cleanup effort.

Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management
In December 1998, the Department completed, and submitted to the President, the Congress, and the public the Viability Assessment of a repository at Yucca Mountain. This assessment assembled, for the first time, information about all major elements of the site and proposed repository design. Based on the results of the Viability Assessment, the Department believes the scientific and technical work at Yucca Mountain should proceed to support a decision by the Secretary of Energy in 2001 on whether to recommend the site to the President for development as a geological repository. The assessment also included a preliminary baseline design, cost and schedule for completion of the proposed repository. For FY 2000, the Department is requesting $409 million, an increase of $51 million over the current fiscal year to fund the additional cost of these efforts. This includes $39 million of the $85 million reserved in the fiscal year 1996 Defense Nuclear Waste Appropriation.These funds will support continuation of technical evaluation of the site and refinement of engineering and design for the repository.
Under the current schedule, the Department would also complete and issue the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the repository in the year 2000. If the site is suitable, the formal recommendation of the site to the President would be made in 2001 and submission of the license application to the Nuclear regulatory Commission would occur in 2002.
Science
As I said earlier, the Department of Energy is, at its heart, a science and technology agency. Science and technology are not merely parts of this Department, they are the foundation on which all the Department's work is based. Our request for science funding for FY 2000 is $2.8 billion, an increase of $138 million. Included in this amount is $70 million for the Department's role in the President's Information Technology for the 21st Century initiative. This investment will enable us to develop and deploy new, far faster computers for advanced simulation. We call it the "Scientific Simulation Initiative," or "SSI." Our goal is to develop a multi-tera scale national computing infrastructure for solving complex scientific and engineering problems of national importance. We expect that this initiative, over the next five years, will elevate simulation to a discovery tool alongside experimentation and theory.
These new simulation capabilities will be powerful tools to do things like design new, clean combustion devices, develop new pharmaceuticals, explore new materials, and improve our weather and climate research, reaffirming America's leading role in these fields.
We will continue investing in other science programs that will have far reaching benefits to all of the country's and the Department's research agenda. For example, we are continuing development of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This state of the art neutron scattering facility will lead to the development of stronger and lighter materials, more efficient motors, and increase our understanding of the structure of matter. The SNS is essential for restoring American leadership in neutron scattering, a core capability for materials science.
It is important to emphasize here the contributions that the Science program makes not only to the advancement of basic sciences in this country and the continuation of U.S. scientific leadership, but also the direct impact the science program has on the other three missions of the Department of Energy. Energy Resources, Environmental Quality, and National Security are all the beneficiaries of the steady stream of discoveries and expertise from the DOE laboratory system, and from the universities and industries who perform work funded by DOE.
Departmental Administration
The offices funded under the Departmental Administration appropriations account provide headquarters with guidance and support of all operating elements of the Department including such as areas as human resources, administration, accounting, budgeting, legal services, information management systems, congressional liaison and public affairs. Management of program activities is funded by program direction funding within each program budget. The Department is requesting $247.5 million dollars for Departmental Administration, a $2.9 million decrease.
Management
Working with Congress, we have reduced our Federal employee workforce by 25 percent in less than four years. We've also reduced our contractor employment by 31 percent since its peak in 1992. But this streamlining has left gaps in important skill areas. To resolve this, in December, Secretary Richardson announced a targeted effort to bring specialized skills into the Department as part of his "Workforce 21" initiative. One of the first steps taken was the development of an R&D Technical Managers Initiative, which now includes a detailed action plan for improving R&D technical management, to ensure the Department has the essential expertise to carry out our missions in the future.
We are also taking a comprehensive look at the structure of the Department, looking for ways to improve efficiency, strengthen management, ensure accountability, and improve reporting requirements. For example, we have restructured the Research and Development Council, which I chair, to integrate our research activities across the Department. We have also reinvigorated the Laboratory Operations Board to ensure that our government-owned, contractor-operated laboratories are being managed effectively and are fully accountable to the Department.Conclusion
The Department's FY 2000 budget request of $17.8 billion will, if funded, allow the Department to serve the American people effectively, in pursuit of its core missions:
- Advancing the frontiers of science and technology;
- Ensuring the security, diversity and affordability of America's energy resources;
- Promoting national security, and keeping our nuclear weapons stockpile safe, secure, and reliable; and
- Cleaning up the environmental legacy of the Cold War.
The budget we have submitted attempts to balance many competing demands from the scientific community, from industry, and from communities that surround and host our facilities, within current budgetary constraints. We believe that this budget, along with some of the essential policy initiatives I have outlined, achieves this balance, and we ask for your support.
Thank you again for the opportunity to testify this morning. I would be pleased to answer any questions the Subcommittee has regarding the FY 2000 budget.
END


LOAD-DATE: February 26, 1999




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