Comprehensive Fiscal Responsibility and Accountability Act of 2001 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act (SSA) to provide for increased medical reviews and anti-fraud activities under the Medicare Integrity Program.

Authorizes appropriations for carrying out, and expanding nationwide, the Health Care Anti-Fraud, Waste and Abuse Community Volunteer Demonstration Projects (Medicare Senior Waste Patrol).

Amends the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and SSA title XVIII with respect to application of inherent reasonableness to all Medicare part B services other than physicians' services. Repeals the prohibition against application by the Secretary of Health and Human Services of factors that would increase or decrease the payment under Medicare part B during any year for any particular item or service by more than 15 percent from such payment during the preceding year.

Directs the Secretary to require Medicare carriers, in processing claims under Medicare part B, to use commercial claims auditing systems to identify billing errors and abuses.

Provides for: (1) canceling the F-22 aircraft, Comanche helicopter, Crusader artillery, and V-22 aircraft programs; (2) limiting the procurement of Virginia class attack submarines and the appropriation of increased funds for the National Missile Defense program; (3) terminating production of Trident D5 missiles, procurement of additional C-130 aircraft, and provision of new assistance under the Foreign Military Financing Program; (4) reducing U.S. nuclear delivery systems to START II limits, the ratio of enlisted-to-officer armed forces personnel, and the Central Intelligence Agency budget; and (5) restricting or suspending selective service requirements.

Prohibits the Department of Energy from obligating further funding for: (1) the Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; (2) the National Ignition Facility; (3) Tokamak fusion reactors; and (4) research on diesel engines for cars and light trucks.

Instructs the Secretary of Energy to adjust the Nuclear Waste Fund fee annually for inflation.

Mandates a royalty of eight percent of the net smelter return from the production of locatable minerals.

Prescribes requirements for the issuance of any Federal mining patent or mill site claim after a certain date.

Mandates an annual claim maintenance fee of $100 per converted claim, and $200 per located claim, which shall be credited against royalties.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) terminate, after December 31, 2001, the exclusion of extraterritorial income from gross income; (2) prohibit the deduction of any "excessive compensation" (as defined); (3) prohibit the deduction of tobacco advertising and promotional expenses; and (4) revise provisions of Subchapter N (Tax Based On Income From Sources Within Or Without the United States) concerning the source rules for personal property sales to provide, as a general rule, for the exception of certain sales of inventory property from such provisions.

Prohibits the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from obligating any further funding for the International Space Station.

Prohibits: (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation from issuing any contract of insurance or reinsurance, or any guaranty, or enter into any agreement to provide financing; and (2) the Export-Import Bank of the United States from providing any guarantee, insurance, or extension of credit, or participating in any extension of credit, except pursuant to a commitment made by it before enactment of this Act.

Abolishes the Trade and Development Agency.

Repeals: (1) the Television Broadcasting to Cuba and the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Acts; and (2) the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994.

Directs the Secretaries of Defense and of Veterans Affairs to: (1) establish a joint office for the procurement of pharmaceuticals for the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs; and (2) develop and implement jointly a common clinically-based formulary for their respective pharmaceutical programs.