Copyright 2002 The New York Times Company The New
York Times
May 1, 2002, Wednesday, Late Edition -
Final
SECTION: Section A; Page
20; Column 1; National Desk
LENGTH: 816 words
HEADLINE: Key
Republican Backs Cloning in Research
BYLINE:
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
DATELINE: WASHINGTON, April 30
BODY: With the Senate split over whether to ban human cloning for medical research, an influential Republican,
Orrin G. Hatch of Utah, broke with President Bush today to join Democrats in
supporting the science.
As a longtime opponent of
abortion, Senator Hatch would ordinarily be expected to oppose cloning because
the experiments involve human embryos. Proponents of the science hoped his
endorsement would help sway undecided senators, especially conservative
Republicans.
"I come to this issue with a strong
pro-life, pro-family record," he said. "But I do believe that a critical part of
being pro-life is to support measures that help the living."
The Senate is expected to vote on human cloning by the end of May.
Lawmakers on both sides of the debate say that the outcome -- with roughly 40
senators supporting the research, 40 opposing it and 20 undecided -- is too
close to call.
Mr. Hatch, who last year helped persuade
Republicans to support embryonic stem cell research, aired his views first in an
opinion piece published today in The Salt Lake Tribune and then at a news
conference that was jammed with patients, scientists, religious leaders and
fellow senators. He was flanked by posterboard blowups of two letters supporting
cloning research, one from 40 Nobel laureates, the other from former President
Gerald R. Ford.
"It's the same watershed moment,"
Michael Manganiello, spokesman for the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical
Research, which represents patients and scientists, said afterward. "The moment
Senator Hatch came out in support of stem cell research was the moment the tide
turned."
In fact, there are important differences in
the two debates. Embryonic stem cell research is typically conducted on embryos
left over from efforts in in vitro fertilization. Cloning, for many, is more
problematic, because it would involve the creation and destruction of embryos
for the express purpose of obtaining cells and tissues to treat disease.
Opponents of the work, including Mr. Bush, have warned
that the research would lead to "embryo farms" and cloned babies: children who
are, in effect, genetic carbon copies of adults.
The
House of Representatives has already passed legislation that would ban human
cloning either for reproduction or research. At issue in the Senate is whether
to pass identical legislation, or to adopt an alternative measure, introduced
today, that would make reproductive cloning a federal crime but would leave the
door open for research.
The measure, which Mr. Hatch
said he would co-sponsor, calls for a 10-year jail term and $1 million fine for
anyone who tries to clone a child, either by implanting a cloned embryo into a
woman's womb or into an artificial womb. It would require cloning research
experiments to be approved by hospital or university ethics committees.
Senator Dianne Feinstein, the California Democrat who is
the bill's lead sponsor, said she hoped the legislation would "bring out a broad
consensus." But research opponents immediately denounced it.
"Under this bill, what President Bush called embryo farms will spring
up and flourish," said Douglas Johnson, spokesman for the National Right to Life
Committee.
The opponents had few kind words for Mr.
Hatch, who justified his support for the research by saying that life begins in
a woman's womb, "not in a petri dish." Kenneth L. Connor, president of the
conservative Family Research Council, called that argument "empty sophistry."
But Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Democrat of Massachusetts
and another co-sponsor of the Feinstein bill, praised Mr. Hatch as taking a
politically difficult stand. Mr. Kennedy said Mr. Hatch's support "proves once
again that support for patients knows no party lines."
Discussions of morality in science have percolated in the capital for
nearly a year and were in evidence again today, as Elias A. Zerhouni, the Bush
administration's nominee to direct the National Institutes of Health, appeared
before the Senate health committee for his confirmation hearing. Mr. Kennedy,
the committee chairman, said he expected that Dr. Zerhouni would be confirmed by
the full Senate by the end of the week.
During the
hearing, Dr. Zerhouni carefully avoided offering his personal views on stem cell
research or cloning. The senators, led by Mr. Kennedy, did not push him. Senator
Paul Wellstone, Democrat of Minnesota, did ask him, though, if he would press
President Bush to revisit his policy about limiting federal financing for
embryonic stem cell research should it become apparent that more studies were
needed.
Dr. Zerhouni replied that if there were
evidence to that effect, he would be "first in line" to provide it to lawmakers
and the public.
"I'm not sure if that was a yes or no
answer," Mr. Wellstone replied. "I don't think it was the kind of commitment I
was hoping for."
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GRAPHIC: Photo:
Elias A. Zerhouni, the administration's nominee to direct the National
Institutes of Health, appeared before the Senate health panel yesterday but
avoided offering his views on stem cell research or cloning. (Associated
Press)