Senator Kennedy,
Members of the Committee: Thank you for the opportunity
to testify this afternoon. For the record, I am a C-2
ventilator-dependent quadriplegic, which means that I am
paralyzed from the shoulders down and unable to breathe on my
own. For the last 7 years, I have not been able to eat,
wash, go to the bathroom, or get dressed by myself. Some
people are able to accept living with a severe
disability. I am not one of them. That is why I
have a keen interest in research and am deeply disturbed by
unreasonable attempts to block scientific progress. The
fact that the House of Representatives banned cloning last
year without careful deliberation makes the Senate debate a
matter of great urgency.
Because Senator
Brownback has introduced a Senate version of the House bill I
wish to comment on some of his public statements. He has
characterized embryonic stem cell research as “immoral and
unnecessary.” But in testimony before the Harkin/Specter
Subcommittee on January 24th he stated that he supports in
vitro fertilization clinics. When Senator Harkin asked if he
was aware that the majority of excess fertilized embryos are
routinely thrown into the garbage his response was “ I think
most of them are put up for adoption”.
That is simply not
true. In a recent interview Senator Brownback said that he
wants to cure A.L.S. and added “if we pursue the adult stem
cell area where we all agree that we can do this,…. that it’s
the right thing to do.” Again, that is not true. Experts in
A.L.S. research believe that embryonic stem cells are the best
and possibly the only hope for victims of that fatal
condition.
Today 100 million
Americans suffer from serious or currently incurable diseases.
54 million Americans are disabled. Our government is supposed
to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people;
beyond that we have a moral responsibility to help others.
Time is absolutely critical. If the government forces
scientists to attempt to make adult stem cells behave like
embryonic stem cells, they might waste 5 years or more and
fail. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands will have
died.
Why do we need
therapeutic cloning? As a layman several important reasons
come to mind. One: implantation of human ES cells is not safe
unless they contain the patient’s own DNA. Two: Efforts to
repair central nervous system disorders may need to
recapitulate the process of fetal development. That can only
be accomplished by human ES cells. Three: Therapeutic cloning
is done without fertilizing an egg. It can be strictly
regulated. If we also enforce an absolute ban on reproductive
cloning, we will not slide down the dreaded “slippery slope”
into moral and ethical chaos. Any powerful new technology
comes with the potential for abuse. But when we decide that
the benefit to society is worth the risk, we take every
possible precaution and go forward. The unfertilized eggs that
will be used for nucleus transplantation (aka therapeutic
cloning) will never leave the laboratory and will never be
implanted in a womb. But if we don’t make this research legal,
if we don’t use government funding and oversight, it will
happen privately, dangerously unregulated and
uncontrolled.
Our country is about
to lose its preeminence in science and medicine. We took
a giant step backwards in the 1970’s when the NIH was not
allowed to fund in vitro research until an advisory commission
could be formed to consider the issue. In the meantime there
was rapid progress in England and the first “test tube baby”
was born in 1978. For purely political reasons we did not
succeed until 1981. Now IV clinics are commonplace; so far
177,000 children have been conceived in 400 facilities around
the country.
Today human trials to
defeat Parkinson’s are underway in Sweden. In Israel
macrophages, scavenger cells that eat debris in the body, are
being used to repair the damaged spinal cord within two weeks
of injury. The first human subject was a 19 year-old girl from
Colorado. Last week the House of Lords in the U.K. passed
legislation permitting research on cloned human embryos for
the second time.
Those are not rogue
nations behaving irresponsibly. They are allies, no less moral
than we are. If we act now, we still have a chance to
catch up. I urge the Senate to defeat Senator Brownback’s bill
S.1899 and pass S.1758.
Thank you very
much