Copyright 2001 Journal Sentinel Inc. Milwaukee
Journal Sentinel (Wisconsin)
June 19, 2001 Tuesday FINAL EDITION
SECTION: NEWS; Pg. 03A
LENGTH:
764 words
HEADLINE:Farm bill
draws conservationists; Environmental, hunting groups work to save
land payment program
BYLINE: ELIZABETH BECKER
New York Times
BODY: Washington -- A
coalition of more than 100 environmental and hunting organizations, from the
Sierra Club to the National Rifle Association, is trying to turn the measure
that will set farm policy for the coming years into the major conservation act
of this Congress.
With the recently enacted $1.3
trillion tax cut squeezing out most new spending programs, the conservationists
are focusing on what is typically known as the farm bill as
their best bet for recovering millions of acres of wetlands, prairies, grassland
and forests and protecting the wildlife living on the land.
Few other bills offer both the money -- $79 billion in new financing
over the next five years -- and the assurance that the legislation will become
law. The bill pays for the subsidies that have for decades underwritten farmers
who grow major crops such as corn, wheat, rice and soybeans.
But in the last 15 years, since conservation programs were added to the
farm program, farmers have lined up for cash payments in return for taking their
land out of production and letting it return to the wild.
Already, farmers have voluntarily set aside more than 35 million acres
as nature reserves and another million acres of wetlands as part of the two
major conservation programs supported by the farm program. There is a backlog of
farmers and ranchers who have applied for $3.7 billion in payments for setting
aside an additional 68 million acres, but the programs have run out of money.
Conservation and hunting groups support payments to
farmers for returning some of their acreage to a natural state because it not
only helps sustain wildlife but also helps farmers hold on to their property. In
addition, it slows the encroachment of suburbs into the countryside.
"The conservation programs in the farm
bill have really helped the farmer hold the line against developers," said
Susan Lamson of the National Rifle Association, making points more often
associated with the Friends of the Earth.
The
environmental and hunting groups are asking that a new farm
bill include money for the protection of another million acres of wetlands
and 10 million more acres of land through the conservation reserve program. They
are going up against the powerful farm and agribusiness lobbies that have helped
persuade Congress to keep increasing crop subsidies, which last year reached a
record $22 billion in commodity payments to farmers.
Environmental groups argue that these subsidies encourage
overproduction of the major crops, which not only keeps prices flat but also
pollutes rivers and soil with chemicals.
"When farms go
into overproduction, you have dirty water and dirty air," said Brett Hulsey of
the Sierra Club. "With conservation programs, you have clean water, reduced
flooding and more open space."
In Congress, these
environmentalists, as well as the hunting and fishing groups, have found natural
allies among senators and representatives from states where farmers receive
little of the $20 billion annual subsidies for the major crops. More than 120
House members wrote to the Agriculture Committee chairman this week asking for
support for the conservation programs.
"We could turn
this farm bill into the great conservation bill of the 21st
century," said Rep. Ron Kind (D-Wis.), who is leading the movement in the House
to rewrite the farm bill with conservation as its
centerpiece.
Congress has begun considering how to
rewrite the farm bill, which was last passed in 1996 as the
Freedom to Farm Act. Rep. Larry Combest (R-Texas), chairman of the Agriculture
Committee, has concluded that the major commodity subsidy programs should be
more predictable, with farmers receiving less money when their crops fetch
higher prices. He has yet to recommend how much money should go to
conservation.
"This is a work in progress," said an
aide to Combest.
In the current farm
bill, conservation payments have become so popular they rank third, behind
payments for growing corn and wheat. Over five years, government payments to
corn farmers were $24.3 billion, to wheat farmers $13.2 billion and to
conservation programs $8.24 billion.
"In many parts of
farm country, conservation is now the single most important source of government
assistance to agriculture, especially for small and medium-size farms," said Ken
Cook, president of Environmental Working Group.
With so
much money at stake in the revision of the farm bill, Combest
has vowed to present a new bill to the House by the end of July, nearly a year
in advance of the Senate.