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(8) to include specific resources to the Ministry for Women's Affairs of Afghanistan to
[Page: S6501] GPO's PDF
SEC. 103. PRINCIPLES OF ASSISTANCE.
The following principles should guide the provision of assistance authorized by this title:
(1) TERRORISM AND NARCOTICS CONTROL.--Assistance should be designed to reduce the likelihood of harm to United States and other allied forces in Afghanistan and the region, the likelihood of additional acts of international terrorism emanating from Afghanistan, and the cultivation, production, trafficking, and use of illicit narcotics in Afghanistan.
(2) ROLE OF WOMEN.--Assistance should increase the participation of women at the national, regional, and local levels in Afghanistan, wherever feasible, by enhancing the role of women in decisionmaking processes, as well as by providing support for programs that aim to expand economic and educational opportunities and health programs for women and educational and health programs for girls.
(3) AFGHAN OWNERSHIP.--Assistance should build upon Afghan traditions and practices. The strong tradition of community responsibility and self-reliance in Afghanistan should be built upon to increase the capacity of the Afghan people and institutions to participate in the reconstruction of Afghanistan.
(4) STABILITY.--Assistance should encourage the restoration of security in Afghanistan, including, among other things, the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of combatants, and the establishment of the rule of law, including the establishment of a police force and an effective, independent judiciary.
(5) COORDINATION.--Assistance should be part of a larger donor effort for Afghanistan. The magnitude of the devastation--natural and man-made--to institutions and infrastructure make it imperative that there be close coordination and collaboration among donors. The United States should endeavor to assert its leadership to have the efforts of international donors help achieve the purposes established by this title.
SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.--The President is authorized to provide assistance for Afghanistan for the following activities:
(1) URGENT HUMANITARIAN NEEDS.--To assist in meeting the urgent humanitarian needs of the people of Afghanistan, including assistance such as--
(A) emergency food, shelter, and medical assistance;
(B) clean drinking water and sanitation;
(C) preventative health care, including childhood vaccination, therapeutic feeding, maternal child health services, and infectious diseases surveillance and treatment;
(D) family tracing and reunification services; and
(E) clearance of landmines.
(2) REPATRIATION AND RESETTLEMENT OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS.--To assist refugees and internally displaced persons as they return to their home communities in Afghanistan and to support their reintegration into those communities, including assistance such as--
(A) assistance identified in paragraph (1);
(B) assistance to communities, including those in neighboring countries, that have taken in large numbers of refugees in order to rehabilitate or expand social, health, and educational services that may have suffered as a result of the influx of large numbers of refugees;
(C) assistance to international organizations and host governments in maintaining security by screening refugees to ensure the exclusion of armed combatants, members of foreign terrorist organizations, and other individuals not eligible for economic assistance from the United States; and
(D) assistance for voluntary refugee repatriation and reintegration inside Afghanistan and continued assistance to those refugees who are unable or unwilling to return, and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons, including those persons who need assistance to return to their homes, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other organizations charged with providing such assistance.
(3) COUNTERNARCOTICS EFFORTS.--(A) To assist in the eradication of poppy cultivation, the disruption of heroin production, and the reduction of the overall supply and demand for illicit narcotics in Afghanistan and the region, with particular emphasis on assistance to--
(i) eradicate opium poppy, establish crop substitution programs, purchase nonopium products from farmers in opium-growing areas, quick-impact public works programs to divert labor from narcotics production, develop projects directed specifically at narcotics production, processing, or trafficking areas to provide incentives to cooperation in narcotics suppression activities, and related programs;
(ii) establish or provide assistance to one or more entities within the Government of Afghanistan, including the Afghan State High Commission for Drug Control, and to provide training and equipment for the entities, to help enforce counternarcotics laws in Afghanistan and limit illicit narcotics growth, production, and trafficking in Afghanistan;
(iii) train and provide equipment for customs, police, and other border control entities in Afghanistan and the region relating to illicit narcotics interdiction and relating to precursor chemical controls and interdiction to help disrupt heroin production in Afghanistan and the region;
(iv) continue the annual opium crop survey and strategic studies on opium crop planting and farming in Afghanistan; and
(v) reduce demand for illicit narcotics among the people of Afghanistan, including refugees returning to Afghanistan.
(B) For each of the fiscal years 2002 through 2005, $15,000,000 of the amount made available to carry out this title is authorized to be made available for a contribution to the United Nations Drug Control Program for the purpose of carrying out activities described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A). Amounts made available under the preceding sentence are in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.
(4) REESTABLISHMENT OF FOOD SECURITY, REHABILITATION OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR, IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTH CONDITIONS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE.--To assist in expanding access to markets in Afghanistan, to increase the availability of food in markets in Afghanistan, to rehabilitate the agriculture sector in Afghanistan by creating jobs for former combatants, returning refugees, and internally displaced persons, to improve health conditions, and assist in the rebuilding of basic infrastructure in Afghanistan, including assistance such as--
(A) rehabilitation of the agricultural infrastructure, including irrigation systems and rural roads;
(B) extension of credit;
(C) provision of critical agricultural inputs, such as seeds, tools, and fertilizer, and strengthening of seed multiplication, certification, and distribution systems;
(D) improvement in the quantity and quality of water available through, among other things, rehabilitation of existing irrigation systems and the development of local capacity to manage irrigation systems;
(E) livestock rehabilitation through market development and other mechanisms to distribute stocks to replace those stocks lost as a result of conflict or drought;
(F) mine awareness and demining programs and programs to assist mine victims, war orphans, and widows;
(G) programs relating to infant and young child feeding, immunizations, vitamin A supplementation, and prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections;
(H) programs to improve maternal and child health and reduce maternal and child mortality;
(I) programs to improve hygienic and sanitation practices and for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria;
(J) programs to reconstitute the delivery of health care, including the reconstruction of health clinics or other basic health infrastructure, with particular emphasis on health care for children who are orphans;
(K) programs for housing, rebuilding urban infrastructure, and supporting basic urban services; and
(L) disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of armed combatants into society, particularly child soldiers.
(5) REESTABLISHMENT OF AFGHANISTAN AS A VIABLE NATION-STATE.--(A) To assist in the development of the capacity of the Government of Afghanistan to meet the needs of the people of Afghanistan through, among other things, support for the development and expansion of democratic and market-based institutions, including assistance such as--
(i) support for international organizations that provide civil advisers to the Government of Afghanistan;
(ii) support for an educated citizenry through improved access to basic education , with particular emphasis on basic education for children who are orphans, with particular emphasis on basic education for children;
(iii) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to recruit and train teachers, with special focus on the recruitment and training of female teachers;
(iv) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to develop school curriculum that incorporates relevant information such as landmine awareness, food security and agricultural education , human rights awareness, and civic education ;
(v) support for the activities of the Government of Afghanistan to draft a new constitution, other legal frameworks, and other initiatives to promote the rule of law in Afghanistan;
(vi) support to increase the transparency, accountability, and participatory nature of governmental institutions, including programs designed to combat corruption and other programs for the promotion of good governance;
(vii) support for an independent media;
(viii) programs that support the expanded participation of women and members of all ethnic groups in government at national, regional, and local levels;
(ix) programs to strengthen civil society organizations that promote human rights and support human rights monitoring;
(x) support for national, regional, and local elections and political party development;
(xi) support for the effective administration of justice at the national, regional, and local levels, including the establishment of a responsible and community-based police force; and
[Page: S6502] GPO's PDF
(xii) support for establishment of a central bank and central budgeting authority.
(B) For each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2005, not less than $10,000,000 of the amount made available to carry out this title should be made available for the purposes of carrying out a traditional Afghan assembly or ``Loya Jirga'' and for support for national, regional, and local elections and political party development under subparagraph (A)(x).
(6) MARKET ECONOMY.--To support the establishment of a market economy, the establishment of private financial institutions, the adoption of policies to promote foreign direct investment, the development of a basic telecommunication infrastructure, and the development of trade and other commercial links with countries in the region and with the United States, including policies to--
(A) encourage the return of Afghanistan citizens or nationals living abroad who have marketable and business-related skills;
(B) establish financial institutions, including credit unions, cooperatives, and other entities providing microenterprise credits and other income-generation programs for the poor, with particular emphasis on women;
(C) facilitate expanded trade with countries in the region;
(D) promote and foster respect for basic workers' rights and protections against exploitation of child labor; and
(E) provide financing programs for the reconstruction of Kabul and other major cities in Afghanistan.
(b) LIMITATION.--
(1) IN GENERAL.--Amounts made available to carry out this title (except amounts made available for assistance under paragraphs (1) through (3) and subparagraphs (F) through (I) of paragraph (4) of subsection (a)) may be provided only if the President first determines and certifies to Congress with respect to the fiscal year involved that substantial progress has been made toward adopting a constitution and establishing a democratically elected government for Afghanistan.
(2) WAIVER.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The President may waive the application of paragraph (1) if the President first determines and certifies to Congress that it is important to the national interest of the United States to do so.
(B) CONTENTS OF CERTIFICATION.--A certification transmitted to Congress under subparagraph (A) shall include a written explanation of the basis for the determination of the President to waive the application of paragraph (1).
SEC. 105. COORDINATION OF ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.--The President is strongly urged to designate, within the Department of State, a coordinator who shall be responsible for--
(1) designing an overall strategy to advance United States interests in Afghanistan;
(2) ensuring program and policy coordination among agencies of the United States Government in carrying out the policies set forth in this title;
(3) pursuing coordination with other countries and international organizations with respect to assistance to Afghanistan;
(4) ensuring that United States assistance programs for Afghanistan are consistent with this title;
(5) ensuring proper management, implementation, and oversight by agencies responsible for assistance programs for Afghanistan; and
(6) resolving policy and program disputes among United States Government agencies with respect to United States assistance for Afghanistan.
(b) RANK AND STATUS OF THE COORDINATOR.--The coordinator designated under subsection (a) shall have the rank and status of ambassador.
SEC. 106. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.
(a) APPLICABLE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES.--Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this title, the administrative authorities under chapters 1 and 2 of part III of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall apply to the provision of assistance under this title to the same extent and in the same manner as such authorities apply to the provision of economic assistance under part I of such Act.
(b) USE OF THE EXPERTISE OF AFGHAN-AMERICANS.--In providing assistance authorized by this title, the President should--
(1) maximize the use, to the extent feasible, of the services of Afghan-Americans who have expertise in the areas for which assistance is authorized by this title; and
(2) in the awarding of contracts and grants to implement activities authorized under this title, encourage the participation of such Afghan-Americans (including organizations employing a significant number of such Afghan-Americans).
(c) DONATIONS OF MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT; USE OF LAND GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.--In providing assistance authorized by this title, the President, to the maximum extent practicable, should--
(1) encourage the donation of appropriate excess or obsolete manufacturing and related equipment by United States businesses (including small businesses) for the reconstruction of Afghanistan; and
(2) utilize research conducted by United States land grant colleges and universities and the technical expertise of professionals within those institutions, particularly in the areas of agriculture and rural development.
(d) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.--Not more than 5 percent of the amount made available to a Federal department or agency to carry out this title for a fiscal year may be used by the department or agency for administrative expenses in connection with such assistance.
(e) MONITORING.--
(1) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.--The Comptroller General shall monitor the provision of assistance under this title.
(2) INSPECTOR GENERAL OF USAID.--
(A) IN GENERAL.--The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development shall conduct audits, inspections, and other activities, as appropriate, associated with the expenditure of the funds to carry out this title.
(B) FUNDING.--Not more than $1,500,000 of the amount made available to carry out this title for a fiscal year shall be made available to carry out subparagraph (A).
(f) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES.--Funds made available to carry out this title may not be obligated until 15 days after notification of the proposed obligation of the funds has been provided to the congressional committees specified in section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 in accordance with the procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications under that section.
SEC. 107. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out this title $300,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2002 through 2004, and $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2005. Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence for fiscal year 2002 are in addition to amounts otherwise available for assistance for Afghanistan.
(b) AVAILABILITY.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) are--
(1) authorized to remain available until expended; and
(2) in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, including, with respect to food assistance under section 104(a)(1), funds available under title II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, the Food for Progress Act of 1985, and section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949.
SEC. 201. SUPPORT FOR SECURITY DURING TRANSITION IN AFGHANISTAN.
It is the sense of Congress that, during the transition to a broad-based, multi-ethnic, gender-sensitive, fully representative government in Afghanistan, the United States should support--
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