POLI 891
Framing
Mondays, 5:00-7:30pm, Hamilton 357, Fall 2012

Prof. Frank R. Baumgartner
313 Hamilton Hall, phone 962-0414
Frankb@unc.edu
Web site: http://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/

Office hours: M, 3-5pm and by appointment

Click here for the syllabus

Readings are below [Let me know if any links are not working but they all should be good as of Aug 28 2012.]

Week 1. Aug 27

Week 2. Sep 3 (no class, happy Labor Day!

Week 3. Sep 10 (discussion questions)

Definitions from public policy, social movements, and communications

• Stone, Deborah A. 1989. Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas. Political Science Quarterly 104, 2 (Summer): 281-300.
• Haas, Peter M. 1992. Introduction. Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International Organization 46 (1): 1-35.
• Hall, Peter A. 1993. Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain. Comparative Politics 25: 275-96.
• Schneider, Anne, and Helen Ingram. 1993. Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy. American Political Science Review 87 (2): 334-47.
• Entman, R. M. 1993. Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51-58.
• Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment. Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611-39.
• Sikkink, Kathryn A. and Carrie Booth Walling. 2007. The Justice Cascade and the Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research 44, 4 (July): 427-45.

Week 4. Sep 17 (discussion questions)

Cognitive basics

• Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. 1973. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science 185 (4157): 1124-31.
• Simon, Herbert A. 1985. Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science. American Political Science Review 79: 293-304.
• Slovic, Paul. 1987. Perception of Risk. Science 236 (4799): 280-85.
• Quattrone, George A., and Amos Tversky. 1988. Contrasting Rational and Psychological Analyses of Political Choice. American Political Science Review 82, 3 (Sept.): 719-736.
• Baumeister, Roy F., Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer, and Kathleen D. Vohs. 2001. Bad Is Stronger Than Good. Review of General Psychology 5: 323-370.
• Druckman, James N. 2004. Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects. American Political Science Review 98 (4): 761-86.
• Dijksterhuis, Ap. 2004. Think Different: The Merits of Unconscious Thought in Preference Development and Decision Making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (5): 586-98.

Note: One-page memo due describing your term paper topic in conceptual terms and a general idea of the empirical / theoretical approach, relevant literature, and what your goals in it (article project, MA thesis idea, PhD idea).

Week 5. Sep 24 (discussion questions)

Motivated Reasoning (or why people believe things that are wrong)

• Lord, Charles G., Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper. 1979. Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (11): 2098-2109.
• Kunda, Ziva. 1990. The Case for Motivated Reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108(3): 480-98.
• Ditto, Peter H. and David F. Lopez. 1992. Motivated Skepticism: Use of Differential Decision Criteria for Preferred and Nonpreferred Conclusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (4): 568-84.
• Edwards, Kari, and Edward E. Smith. 1996. A Disconfirmation Bias in the Evaluation of Arguments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1): 5-24.

Week 6. Oct 1 (discussion questions)

Applications of Motivating Reasoning Theories to Political Opinions

• Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifer Jerit, David Schweider, and Robert F. Rich. 2000. Misinformation and the Currency of Democratic Citizenship. Journal of Politics 62 (3): 790-816.
• Redlawsk, David P. 2002. Hot Cognition or Cool Consideration? Testing the Effects of Motivated Reasoning on Political Decision Making. Journal of Politics 64, 4: 1021- 1044.
• Taber, Charles S. and Milton Lodge. 2006. Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs. American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 755-69.
• Gaines, Brian J., James H. Kuklinski, Paul J. Quirk, Buddy Peyton and Jay Verkuilen. 2007. Interpreting Iraq: Partisanship and the Meaning of Facts. Journal of Politics 69 (4): 957-74.
• Peffley, Mark and Jon Hurwitz. 2007. Persuasion and Resistance: Race and the Death Penalty in America. American Journal of Political Science 51(4): 996-1012.
• Nyhan, Brendan and Jason Reifler. 2010. When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions. Political Behavior 32: 303-30.

Week 7. Oct 8 (discussion questions)

Emotion, Affect, and Opinion

• Marcus, George E., W. Russell Neuman, and Michael MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Week 8. Oct 15 (discussion questions)

Framing as Attention-Shifting

• Jones, Bryan D.  1994. Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics: Attention, Choice, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Note: Annotated bibliography due. This means you should have identified the key source material you are planning to use. You don't have to have read it all yet but you should have identified the likely suspects. A longer bibliography is better than a short one. No need for extensive annotations, but rather just a list of readings organized by the topics that you plan to cover.

Week 9. Oct 22 (discussion questions)

Public Opinion

• Nelson, Thomas E., Rosalee A. Clawson, and Zoe M. Oxley. 1997. Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance. American Political Science Review 91, 3 (Sept.): 567-583.
• Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public. American Journal of Political Science 44, 3 (July): 560-573.
• Tormala, Zakary L., and Richard E. Petty. 2001. On-Line Versus Memory-Based Processing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27, 12: 1599-1612.
• Druckman, James N., Lawrence R. Jacobs, and Eric Ostermeier. 2004. Candidate Strategies to Prime Issues and Image. Journal of Politics 66 (4): 1180-1202.
• Bizer, George Y., Zakary L. Tormala, Derek D. Rucker, and Richard E. Petty. 2006. Memory-Based Versus On-Line Processing: Implications for Attitude Strength. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 42: 646-653.
• Berinsky, Adam J., and Donald R. Kinder. 2006. Making Sense of Issues through Media Frames: Understanding the Kosovo Crisis. Journal of Politics 68, 3 (August): 640-56.
• Druckman, James N., Erik Peterson, and Rune Slothuus.  2013.  How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation. American Political Science Review. Forthcoming.

Week 10. Oct 29 (discussion questions)

Source Credibility and Reframing

• Chaiken, Shelly.  1979. Communicator Physical Attractiveness and Persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 8: 1387-97.
• Chaiken, Shelly. 1980. Heuristic Versus Systematic Information Processing and the Use of Source Versus Message Cues in Persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 (5): 752-66.
• Druckman, James N. 2001. On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame? Journal of Politics 63, 4 (November): 1041-66.
• Baumgartner, Frank R.  2013.  Discrediting the Status Quo: Ideas, Levels of Policy Change, and Punctuated Equilibrium.  Governance, forthcoming.
• Riker, William H. 1986. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, ch. 10, Warren Magnuson and Nerve Gas.

Note: Detailed outline of paper due. This should include a full structure, planned cites, methods, etc. The text need not be written but the structure should be complete, in outline form. You'll be surprised how easy it is to complete the paper if you have a complete outline in the proper order.

Week 11. Nov 5 (discussion questions)

Framing, Counter-Framing, and the Status Quo

• Schumann, David W., Richard E. Petty, and D. Scott Clemons. 1990. Predicting the Effectiveness of Different Strategies of Advertising Variation: A Test of the Repetition-Variation Hypotheses.  Journal of Consumer Research 17: 192-202.
• Druckman, James N., and Kjersten R. Nelson. 2003. Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens' Conversations Limit Elite Influence. American Journal of Political Science 47, 4 (October): 729-45.
• Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman. 2007. Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies. American Political Science Review 101(4): 637-55.
• Baumgartner, Frank R., Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech. 2009. Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, chapter 9, Washington: The Real No-Spin Zone, pp. 166-89. part1 part2
• Druckman, James N. and Dennis Chong.   2013.  Counter-Framing Effects. Journal of Politics forthcoming.
• Druckman, James N., Jordan Fein, and Thomas J. Leeper.  2012.  A Source of Bias in Public Opinion Stability.  American Political Science Review 106, 2:  430-454.
• Druckman, James N. and Thomas J. Leeper.  2013. Learning More from Political Communication Experiments:  Pretreatment and Its Effects. American Journal of Political Science. Forthcoming.

Week 12. Nov 12 (discussion questions)

Framing, Opinion, and Policy Change Over Time

• Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1991. Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems. Journal of Politics 53 (November): 1044-74.
• Baumgartner, Frank R., Suzanna L. De Boef and Amber E. Boydstun. 2008. The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7.
• Rose, Max, and Frank R. Baumgartner.  2013. Framing the Poor:  Media Coverage and US Poverty Policy, 1960–2008.  Policy Studies Journal, forthcoming.
• Coggins,  K. Elizabeth, James A. Stimson, Mary Layton Atkinson, and Frank R. Baumgartner.  2012.  Absolute and Relative Opinion Change. Working paper.

Week 13. Nov 19 (discussion questions)

• Armstrong, Elizabeth M. 2003. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Week 14. Nov 26 (discussion questions)

• Baumgartner and Jones manuscript under review.

Week 15. Dec 3 (last day of class) (discussion questions)

• Schrad, Mark Lawrence. 2010. The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave. New York: Oxford University Press.

Term papers due