POLI 891
Framing
Mondays, 5:00-7:30pm, Hamilton 357, Spring 2011

Prof. Frank R. Baumgartner
313 Hamilton Hall, phone 962-0414
Frankb@unc.edu
Web site: http://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/

Office hours: M, 3-5pm and by appointment

Click here for the syllabus

Readings are below [Note: I'll keep several weeks ahead on these readings and by the end of the semester all will be there.]

Week 1. Jan 10

Week 2. Jan 17 (no class, happy MLK day!

Week 3. Jan 24

Definitions from public policy, social movements, and communications

• Stone, Deborah A. 1989. Causal Stories and the Formation of Policy Agendas. Political Science Quarterly 104, 2 (Summer): 281-300.
• Haas, Peter M. 1992. Introduction. Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International Organization 46 (1): 1-35.
• Hall, Peter A. 1993. Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain. Comparative Politics 25: 275-96.
• Schneider, Anne, and Helen Ingram. 1993. Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy. American Political Science Review 87 (2): 334-47.
• Entman, R. M. 1993. Framing: Towards Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51-58.
• Benford, Robert D. 1997. An Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective. Sociological Inquiry 67 (4): 407-30.
• Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment. Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611-39.
• Sikkink, Kathryn A. and Carrie Booth Walling. 2007. The Justice Cascade and the Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research 44, 4 (July): 427-45.

Week 4. Jan 31

Cognitive basics

• Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. 1973. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science 185 (4157): 1124-31.
• Simon, Herbert A. 1985. Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science. American Political Science Review 79: 293-304.
• Slovic, Paul. 1987. Perception of Risk. Science 236 (4799): 280-85.
• Quattrone, George A., and Amos Tversky. 1988. Contrasting Rational and Psychological Analyses of Political Choice. American Political Science Review 82, 3 (Sept.): 719-736.
• Druckman, James N. 2004. Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects. American Political Science Review 98 (4): 761-86.
• Dijksterhuis, Ap. 2004. Think Different: The Merits of Unconscious Thought in Preference Development and Decision Making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (5): 586-98.

Note: One-page memo due describing your term paper topic in conceptual terms and a general idea of the empirical / theoretical approach, relevant literature, and what your goals in it (article project, MA thesis idea, PhD idea).

Week 5. Feb 7

Motivated Reasoning (or why people believe things that are wrong)

• Lord, Charles G., Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper. 1979. Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (11): 2098-2109.
• Kunda, Ziva. 1990. The Case for Motivated Reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108(3): 480-98.
• Ditto, Peter H. and David F. Lopez. 1992. Motivated Skepticism: Use of Differential Decision Criteria for Preferred and Nonpreferred Conclusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (4): 568-84.
• Edwards, Kari, and Edward E. Smith. 1996. A Disconfirmation Bias in the Evaluation of Arguments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1): 5-24.

Week 6. Feb 14

Applications of Motivating Reasoning Theories to Political Opinions

• Kuklinski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, Jennifer Jerit, David Schweider, and Robert F. Rich. 2000. Misinformation and the Currency of Democratic Citizenship. Journal of Politics 62 (3): 790-816.
• Taber, Charles S. and Milton Lodge. 2006. Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs. American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 755-69.
• Gaines, Brian J., James H. Kuklinski, Paul J. Quirk, Buddy Peyton and Jay Verkuilen. 2007. Interpreting Iraq: Partisanship and the Meaning of Facts. Journal of Politics 69 (4): 957-74.
• Peffley, Mark and Jon Hurwitz. 2007. Persuasion and Resistance: Race and the Death Penalty in America. American Journal of Political Science 51(4): 996-1012.
• Nyhan, Brendan and Jason Reifler. 2010. When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions. Political Behavior 32: 303-30.

Note: Annotated bibliography due. This means you should have identified the key source material you are planning to use. You don't have to have read it all yet but you should have identified the likely suspects. A longer bibliography is better than a short one. No need for extensive annotations, but rather just a list of readings organized by the topics that you plan to cover.

Week 7. Feb 21

Emotion, Affect, and Opinion

• Marcus, George E., W. Russell Neuman, and Michael MacKuen. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Week 8. Feb 28

Public Opinion

• Berinsky, Adam J., and Donald R. Kinder. 2006. Making Sense of Issues through Media Frames: Understanding the Kosovo Crisis. Journal of Politics 68, 3 (August): 640-56.
• Nelson, Thomas E., Rosalee A. Clawson, and Zoe M. Oxley. 1997. Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance. American Political Science Review 91, 3 (Sept.): 567-583.
• Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public. American Journal of Political Science 44, 3 (July): 560-573.
• Druckman, James N., Lawrence R. Jacobs, and Eric Ostermeier. 2004. Candidate Strategies to Prime Issues and Image. Journal of Politics 66 (4): 1180-1202.

Mar 7-11, spring break

Week 9. Mar 14

A Special Issue on Framing in Communications

• Scheufele, Dietram A. and David Tewksbury. 2007. Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication 57: 9-20.
• Sheafer, Tamir. 2007. How to Evaluate It: The Role of Story-Evaluative Tone in Agenda Setting and Priming. Journal of Communication 57: 21-39.
• Hwang, Hyunseo, Melissa R. Gotlieb, Seungahn Nah, and Douglas M. McLeod. 2007. Applying a Cognitive-Processing Model to Presidential Debate Effects: Postdebate News Analysis and Primed Reflection. Journal of Communication 57: 40-59.
• Van Gorp, Baldwin. 2007. The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication 57: 60-78.
• Zhou, Yuqiong and Patricia Moy. 2007. Parsing Framing Processes: The Interplay Between Online Public Opinion and Media Coverage. Journal of Communication 57: 79-98.
• Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman. 2007. A Theory of Framing and Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments. Journal of Communication 57: 99-118.
• Edy, Jill A. and Patrick C. Meirick. 2007. Wanted, Dead or Alive: Media Frames, Frame Adoption, and Support for the War in Afghanistan. Journal of Communication 57: 119-41.
• Weaver, David H. 2007. Thoughts on Agenda Setting, Framing, and Priming. Journal of Communication 57: 142-47.
• Reese, Stephen D. 2007. The Framing Project: A Bridging Model for Media Research Revisited. Journal of Communication 57: 148-54

Week 10. Mar 21

Sources and Credibility (or why is it so hard to reframe an issue)

• Chaiken, Shelly. 1980. Heuristic Versus Systematic Information Processing and the Use of Source Versus Message Cues in Persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 (5): 752-66.
• Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman. 2007. Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies. American Political Science Review 101(4): 637-55.
• Druckman, James N. 2001. On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame? Journal of Politics 63, 4 (November): 1041-66.
• Druckman, James N., and Kjersten R. Nelson. 2003. Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens' Conversations Limit Elite Influence. American Journal of Political Science 47, 4 (October): 729-45.
• Baumgartner, Frank R., Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, David C. Kimball, and Beth L. Leech. 2009. Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, chapter 9, Washington: The Real No-Spin Zone, pp. 166-89. part1 part2
• Riker, William H. 1986. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, ch. 10, Warren Magnuson and Nerve Gas.

Note: Detailed outline of paper due. This should include a full structure, planned cites, methods, etc. The text need not be written but the structure should be complete, in outline form. You'll be surprised how easy it is to complete the paper if you have a complete outline in the proper order.

Week 11. Mar 28

How Policy Frames Evolve Over Time

• Baumgartner, Frank R., Suzanna L. De Boef and Amber E. Boydstun. 2008. The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7.
• Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1991. Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems. Journal of Politics 53 (November): 1044-74.

Week 12. April 4

Dissertation projects

• Winter, Nicholas J. G. 2008. Dangerous Frames: How Ideas about Race and Gender Shape Public Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Week 13. April 11

• Kellstedt, Paul M. 2003. The Mass Media and the Dynamics of American Racial Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Week 14. April 18

Pick one of the following and we will discuss all of them based on student presentations. Each represents a dissertation-type project. Part I

• Bosso, Christopher J. 1987. Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
• Jacob, Herbert. 1988. Silent Revolution: The Transformation of Divorce Law in the United States. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
• Zahariadis, Nikolaos. 1995. Markets, States and Public Policy: Privatization in Britain and France. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
• Mossberger, Karen. 2000. The Politics of Ideas and the Spread of Enterprise Zones. Washington: Georgetown University Press.

Week 15. April 25 (last day of class)

Part II

• Armstrong, Elizabeth M. 2003. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Crowley, Jocelyn Elise. 2003. The Politics of Child Support in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Esterling, Kevin. 2004. The Political Economy of Expertise: Information and Efficiency in American National Politics. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
• Crowley, Jocelyn Elise. 2008. Defiant Dads: Fathers' Rights Activistis in America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
• Schrad, Mark Lawrence. 2010. The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave. New York: Oxford University Press.

Term papers due