Working as Intended:
What Archives and Data Tell Us about the Legacy of Racism in the Law
Frank R. Baumgartner, Kaneesha Johnson, and Marty A. Davidson, II
University of Chicago Press
forthcoming, 2027
Archival Materials
This page provides archival materials associated with the historical research presented in our book. Each of the links below leads to a copy of an original document which underlies the analysis presented in the book.
Chapter 3
A report written by Bayard Rustin documenting his time on the NC chain gang
A 1905 article on The Union Transport Company, a Black owned transport company
A 1926 article on the Winston-Salem Safe Bus Company
A 1927 article on the Winston-Salem Safe Bus Company
A 1937 article on Jesse Owens getting his drivers license
A list of registered motor vehicle owners in North Carolina in 1919
A supplemental list of registered motor vehicle owners in North Carolina in 1920
A 1938 article appearing in the Asheville Citizen Times describing a study on car ownership
A 1937 article appearing in the St Paul Recorder on Black drivers
A 1936 article appearing in the Black Dispatch on Black car ownership
A 1960 report documenting the history of the Carolina Motor Club
A 1960 report from the Carolina Motor Club
A 1922 article appearing in the Carolina Motorist on the Carolina Motor Club legislative program
A 1924 article appearing in the Carolina Motorist equating CMC membership with intelligence
A 1940 membership letter from the Carolina Motor Club on legal protections offered to members
A 1940 letter from the Carolina Motor Club on legal protections offered to members
A 1927 article appearing in the Carolina Motorist on bad women drivers
A 1926 article appearing in the Carolina Motorist with racist minstrel characatures
Chapter 4
Article 4A of the North Carolina General Statutes, Prohibited Secret Societies and Activities
A letter from the State Highway Patrol to Governor Dan K. Moore referencing a KKK rally
An article from the Durham Sun on the arrest of NC Klan Chief
An article from the Charlotte Observer on the decision to not revoke the NC KKK chapter
An article from the Winston Salem Journal covering a bill changing riot laws
Section 14-228.2 of the North Carolina General Statutes
An article from the Herald-Sun covering the passage of anti-civil rights protest laws
An article from the News and Observer covering the passage of bills targeted at Black protestors
A 2009 report from the Governors Crime Commission on a grant programs on gang intervention
A 2014 North Carolina State Highway Patrol report on gangs in North Carolina
A 2000 report summarizing a 1999 survey of gangs in North Carolina
A 2005 North Carolina Governor's Crime Commission report
A 2008 North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center report on a law enforcement survey
Chapter 5
A 2017 North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services report on opioid involved poisonings
A 2018 North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services report on opioid involved poisonings
An 1989 article from The Charlotte Post on the use of cocaine in the Black community
(This page was last updated July 8, 2026.)