Working as Intended:
What Archives and Data Tell Us about the Legacy of Racism in the Law
Frank R. Baumgartner, Kaneesha Johnson, and Marty A. Davidson, II
University of Chicago Press
forthcoming, 2027
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Preface
Chapter 1. When Did Racism Disappear?
Part I. The Racist Origins of the Criminal Code
Chapter 2. Identifying Legislative Intent
Chapter 3. The Anti-Black Origins of the North Carolina Traffic Code
Chapter 4. Finding Legislative Intent through Official Documents
Chapter 5. Action and Inaction in the Face of Observed Disparate Impact
Part II. How the Criminal Code Is Enforced Today
Chapter 6. A Bloated System: Seven Years, 10 Million People, and 13 Million Criminal Charges
Chapter 7. Understanding Police Surveillance
Chapter 8. Geography, Social Identity, and Arrests
Chapter 9. Social Disadvantage, Historical Legacies, and Arrests
Chapter 10. Envisioning Equity and a Justice System that Works for All
(This page was last updated June 30, 2026.)